Deep Energy Retrofit―A Guide for Decision Makers (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)

✍ Scribed by Alexander Zhivov, Rüdiger Lohse

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 96
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Many governments worldwide are setting more stringent targets for reductions in energy use in government/public buildings. Buildings constructed more than 10 years ago account for a major share of energy used by the building stock. However, the funding and “know-how” (applied knowledge) available for owner-directed energy retrofit projects has not kept pace with new requirements. With typical retrofit projects, reduction of energy use varies between 10 and 20%, while actual executed renovation projects show that energy use reduction can exceed 50%, and can cost-effectively achieve the Passive House standard or even approach net zero-energy status (EBC Annex 61 2017a, Hermelink and Müller 2010; NBI 2014; RICS 2013; Shonder and Nasseri 2015; Miller and Higgins 2015; Emmerich et al. 2011).

Building energy efficiency (EE) ranks first in approaches with resource efficiency potential with a total resource benefit of approximately $700 billion until 2030. EE is by far the cheapest way to cut CO₂ emissions (McKinsey 2011, IPCC 2007). However, according to an IEA study (IEA 2014a), more than 80% of savings potential in building sector remains untapped. Thus, the share of deployed EE in the building sector is lower than in the Industry, Transport, and Energy generation sectors. Estimates for the deep renovation potentials show: €600-900bn investment potential, €1000-1300bn savings potential, 70% energy-saving potential, and 90% CO₂ reduction potential.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
The International Energy Agency
The IEA Energy in Buildings and Communities Programme
The Executive Committee
Acknowledgements
Contents
Acronyms and Abbreviations
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Introduction
References
2 Deep Energy Retrofit in Public Buildings—EBC Annex 61 Approach
References
3 What is Deep Energy Retrofit?
References
4 Deep Energy Retrofit Versus Shallow Renovation
References
5 Major Renovation and Deep Energy Retrofit
References
6 Product Delivery Quality Assurance Process
References
7 How to Make DER Cost-Effective?
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Investment Cost Reduction
7.3 Planning Cost Reduction
7.4 Quality Assurance
7.5 Selection and Optimization of the DER Scenario
7.6 Operating Cost Reduction
7.7 Other Bankable Cost Benefits
7.8 Cost-Effectiveness of DER
References
8 Business Models for DER
8.1 Owner-Directed Model
8.2 Fixed Repayment
8.3 Energy Performance Contracting Model
8.4 Blended Funding (Public and Private Combined Funding)
References
9 DER Financing
9.1 Introduction
9.1.1 Financial Instruments
9.1.2 Performance-Based Financing Instruments
9.2 Appropriated Funds
9.3 Loan Financing, Credit Lines, Revolving Funds, Preferential Loans
9.4 Soft Loans/Dedicated Credit Lines
9.5 Non-Recourse and Recourse Finance—Refinancing of ESCO
9.6 Private–Public Partnerships
9.7 Forfeiting
9.8 Energy Performance Contracting
9.9 Combined Public and Third-Party Financing
10 Lessons Learned from Pilot Projects
11 Conclusions
Appendix A Technical Aspects of DER
A.1 Building Envelope Technologies
A.1.1 Thermal Insulation
A.1.2 Windows
A.1.3 Historic Windows
A.1.4 Thermal Bridges
A.1.5 Improved Building Airtightness
A.1.6 Moisture Control
A.2 Lighting Systems
A.3 HVAC Equipment and Systems
Appendix B Product Delivery Quality Assurance Process
Appendix C Economics—Strategies to Improve Cost-Effectiveness of DER
C.1 Value of DER in and Beyond Operational Cost Savings
C.2 Additional DER Cost Benefits
C.3 Value of DER in Public Buildings
C.4 Strategies for Investment Cost Reduction
References
Bibliography