Background. Gestational trophoblastic neoplasms comprise the neoplastic spectrum of nonmalignant hydatidiform mole, invasive hydatidiform mole, and truly malignant choriocarcinoma. Increasing evidence indicates that epidermal growth factor (EGF) acts as an enhancer of trophoblast function to produce human chorionic gonadotropin and that EGF and its rcceptor may provide a growth advantage to certain carcinoma cells. The current study was undertaken to evaluate a possible link between malignant transformation of trophoblast and expression of EGF and EGF receptor.
Methods. Cytologic localization and cellular levels of expression of EGF and EGF receptor in hydatidiform mole, invasive hydatidiform mole, and choriocarcinoma tissue specimens were examined by the avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase techniques with monoclonal antibodies against EGF and EGF receptor.
EGF in hydatidiform mole and invasive mole was localized in syncytiotrophoblasts, whereas cytologic localization of EGF receptor in hydatidiform mole and invasive mole was observed in both cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts. By contrast, EGF and EGF receptor in choriocarcinoma were exhibited in cytotrophoblastic and syncytiotrophoblastic elements. Most (72%) hydatidiform moles immunostained intensely for EGF and EGF receptor, whereas most (78%) choriocarcinomas immunostained slightly for EGF and EGF receptor. Invasive mole occupied the middle position in the staining Results.