Decision Making by Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Integrating Research into Practice (Positive Psychology and Disability Series)

✍ Scribed by Ishita Khemka (editor), Linda Hickson (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 573
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book examines theoretical considerations in the study of decision making as well as practical applications in social interpersonal domains for adolescents and adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). It provides a history of the study of decision making in individuals with IDD and examines emerging views on decision making from a positive psychology perspective. The book explores the role of decision making in self-determination as well as offers global perspectives on the rights and responsibilities of individuals with IDD to engage in independent decision making. It outlines a framework for the study of decision making in individuals with IDD, reviews research that addresses the role of culturally diverse influences on individual decision making, and examines likely consequences of the etiological bases of disability on decision-making profiles.

Key areas of coverage include:

· Critical role of basic processes of cognition, motivation and self-beliefs, affect and emotion, and various styles of decision making.

· Applications of decision-making skills within family and community contexts, in personal and social relationships, during transition to adulthood and more independent lifestyles, and in successful community living.

· Self-protective decision making by individuals in situations of abuse as well as in resisting peer victimization and bullying.

· Decision-making parameters for enabling maximum participation in self-decision making, through shared and supported decision making in contexts such as health care, aging, and end-of-life decisions.

· Research-based interventions to improve effective decision making in individuals with IDD.

Decision Making by Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities is a must-have reference for researchers, professors, and graduate students as well as clinicians and other professionals in the fields of developmental and positive psychology, rehabilitation, social work, special education, occupational, speech and language therapy, public health, and healthcare policy.

✦ Table of Contents

Decision Making by
Individuals with Intellectual
and Developmental
Disabilities
Foreword
References
Preface
References
Acknowledgments
Contents
Editor Bios
Part I: Opportunities and Supports for Decision Making
Chapter 1: Decision Making and Self-Determination
Introduction
Theories of Self-Determination
Self-Determination Theory
Causal Agency Theory
The Development of Self-Determination
Decision Making and Self-Determination
Self-Determination and Decision Making by People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Self-Determination and People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Promoting the Decision-Making Skills of People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Conclusions
References
Chapter 2: Supported Decision-Making
Supported Decision-Making: Definition and Emergence in the Field of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Guardianship and People with Disabilities
United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
Jenny Hatch and Supported Decision-Making in the United States
Social-Ecological Approaches to Supported Decision-Making
Emerging Directions in Supported Decision-Making: Building Systems of Supports for Decision making Across the Life Course
Assessment to Guide Supports Planning
Role of the Person with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in Supported Decision-Making
Role of Families in Supported Decision-Making
Role of Support and Service Providers in Supported Decision-Making
Role of Educators in Supported Decision-Making
Role of Legal Professionals in Supported Decision-Making
Role of Healthcare Professionals in Supported Decision-Making
Cross-System Supported Decision-Making: Culture of Coordinated Support Model
Case Example of Supported Decision-Making in Practice
Person Making the Decision
Context of the Decision
Supports Needed for the Decision
Conclusions
References
Chapter 3: Promoting Decision Making Capabilities in the Healthcare of Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Ethics and Practice
Introduction
Supported Decision making in Healthcare
Philosophical and Ethical Underpinnings
What Is Moral Deliberating and Deciding?
Can Persons with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Hold and Express Authentic Values?
Autonomy as Relational
Respect for Autonomy and Other Ethical Principles in Healthcare
Applying Theory to Practice in Healthcare
Assessing Decision-Making Capacity
Promoting Conditions to Optimize Communication with the Person in Need of Healthcare
Supported Decision Making and Shared Decision Making
Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: Examining the Complexities of Support for Decision-Making Practice
Introduction
Background and Context
Research on Involvement of People with Intellectual Disabilities in Decision Making
Addressing Structural Constraints
Substitute and Supported Decision Making
Experiences and Process of Decision Support
Process Models of Decision Support
The La Trobe Support for Decision-Making Practice Framework
Components or Steps
Step 1. Knowing the Person
Step 2. Identifying and Describing the Decision
Step 3. Understanding the Person’s Will and Preferences for the Decision
Step 4. Refining the Decision and Taking Account of Constraints
Step 5. Consider if a Formal Process Is Needed
Step 6. Reaching the Decision and Associated Decisions
Step 7. Implementing the Decision and Seeking Advocates if Necessary
Principles of Decision Support Practice
Commitment to the Person and their Rights
Orchestration
Reflection and Review
Strategies
Impact of Training and Mentoring in the Framework
Support Strategies More Reflective of Supported Decision-Making Principles
Changed Skills of People with Intellectual Disabilities and Confidence of Supporters
Conclusions and Directions for Future Research
References
Chapter 5: Parent and Sibling Roles in Decision Making with Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Emerging Trends in the Role of Parent and Sibling Dynamics in Decision Making
Research Findings About Decision Making
Formal Decisions
Informal Decisions
Considerations of Factors Impacting Decision Making
Personal Characteristics
Environmental Demands
Support Needs
Implications for Research and Practice
Implications for Research
Implications for Practice
Conclusion
References
Part II: Influences and Considerations in Decision Making
Chapter 6: Theoretical Perspectives on Decision Making
Introduction
Theories of Decision Making
Bounded Rationality
Prospect Theory
Stage-Based Theories
Dual-Process Theories
Use of Heuristics
Basic Processes in Decision Making
Cognition
Motivation
Goals and Intentions
Attitudes and Beliefs
Emotion
Emotion and Affect
Biases
Emotional Arousal and Stress
Interdependence of Cognitive, Motivational, and Emotional Processes in Decision Making
Individual Determinants of Decision Making
Personal Factors
Gender
Experience
Individual Differences
Cultural and Social Influences
Environmental and Situational Factors
Extending the Research from the General Population to Individuals with IDD
Pathways Model of Decision Processing
Pathway 1: Intuitive
Pathway 2: Deliberative
Pathway 3: Intuitive to Deliberative
Pathway 4: Deliberative to Intuitive
Conclusion
References
Chapter 7: Etiology and Decision Making: Considerations and Implications
Introduction
Etiology in IDD: Basic Issues
Genotype: Phenotype Approach
Behavioral Phenotypes: Three Principles
Probabilistic Nature of Behavioral Phenotypes
Few Behavioral Outcomes Are Unique to a Single Syndrome
Phenotypes Involve Many Aspects of Health-Physical Characteristics and Behavior That Change Over Time
Decision Making Process
Decision Making in the General Population
Stage 1: Problem Identification/Goal Formulation
Stage 2: Alternatives Generation
Stage 3: Evaluation and Selection
Pathways Model of Decision Processing for IDD
Tying Etiology to Decision Making: Three Examples
Williams Syndrome
Overview
Salient Behavioral Phenotype
Behavioral Ties to Decision Making
Prader-Willi Syndrome
Overview
Salient Behavioral Phenotype
Behavioral Ties to Decision Making
Down Syndrome
Overview
Salient Behavioral Phenotype
Behavioral Ties to Decision Making
Etiologic Implications for Decision Making: Specific and General
Etiology-Related Decision-Making Considerations for Those with Each Syndrome
Williams Syndrome
Prader-Willi Syndrome
Down Syndrome
General Considerations
Concluding Thoughts
References
Chapter 8: The Impact of Anxiety on Decision Making in Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities or a Diagnosis on the Autism Spectrum
Anxiety in IDD and Autism
Mental Health and Anxiety in IDD
Models of Anxiety in IDD
Anxiety in Autism
Models of Anxiety in Autism
Summary
Anxiety and Decision Making in Neurotypical Individuals
Role of Emotions in Decision Making
The Role of Cognitive Biases in Decision Making
Summary
Anxiety and Decision Making in Individuals with IDD or Autism
The Potential Influences of Anxiety on Decision Making in Individuals on the Autism Spectrum
Anxiety May Increase the Role of Emotions in Decision Making in Individuals on the Autism Spectrum
Anxiety May Change the Desired or Feared Outcome of the Decision in Individuals on the Autism Spectrum
Anxiety May Increase Challenges in Set-Shifting and Generalisation, Making It More Difficult for Individuals on the Autism Spectrum to Make Informed and Flexible Decisions
Summary and Areas for Future Exploration
References
Chapter 9: Affective Decision Making and Peer Influence in Youth with Intellectual Disability
Introduction
Decision Making in Cognitive Versus Affective Contexts
Affective Decision Making in Adolescence
Peer Influence on Affective Decision Making in Adolescence
Affective Decision Making and Peer Influence in Adolescents with ID
Evidence on Affective Decision Making in Adolescents with ID
Evidence on Peer Influence and Affective Decision Making in Adolescents with ID
Experimental Studies
Correlational Studies
Evidence on Supporting Adolescents with ID in Their Affective DecisionMmaking and Resistance to Peer Influence
Conclusion
References
Chapter 10: Decision Making and Culturally Diverse Individuals with IDD and Their Families: A Call for Research
What Is Decision Making?
Theoretical Constructs Relevant to the Study of Decision Making and IDD
Decision-Making Processes
Why Is Cultural Diversity Important in Understanding Decision Making?
What Is the Role of Culture in Decision Making?
Microsystem
Mesosystem
Macrosystem
Chronosystem
Current Study
Objectives
Method
Scoping Review Protocol
Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
Search and Screening Procedures
Data Extraction and Reporting Procedures
Results
Research Question 1
Decision Making About Housing and Independent Living
Decision Making About Daily Living Skills and Activities
Decision Making About Safety
Decision Making About Education and Employment
Decision Making About Healthcare and Disability-Related Services
Self-Determination
Research Question 2
Discussion
Limitations
Future Directions
Implications for Research
Implications for Practice
Conclusions
References
Part III: Profiles of Decision Making
Chapter 11: Understanding Decision Making and Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Introduction
The Pathways Model of Decision Processing
Impact of Situational/Environmental Factors
Impact of Neurodevelopmental/Personal Factors
Neurodevelopmental Factors
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Intellectual Disability and Singular Disorders
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Personal Factors
Gender
Age
Social Participation
Communication and Language Functioning
Roles of the Three Basic Processes
Cognitive Considerations in Decision Making
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Framing
Decision Information Search and Processing Style
Executive Function
Intellectual Disability and Singular Disorders
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Motivational Considerations in Decision Making
Emotional Considerations in Decision Making
Affect and Heuristic Processing
Emotion Regulation and Anxiety
Implications for Interpersonal Decision Making
Applications of Pathways Model of Decision Processing
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Intellectual Disabilities
A Singular Disorder: Williams Syndrome
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Conclusion
References
Chapter 12: Common Sense in Persons with Intellectual Disabilities: The Challenge of Deciding to Say No to Social Manipulation
Introduction
The Meaning and Centrality of Common Sense
Factors Contributing to Intelligent or Unintelligent Decisions
Situation
Cognition
Affect/State
Personality
Two Decision-Making Case Studies
Case 1: A Risky Dating Decision
Case 2: Close Call with a Criminal Scheme
The Importance of Deciding to Say No
Is Common Sense Teachable to People with ID?
The Generalization Problem
Social Decision-Making Training and the Four-Factor Model
Conclusion: Risk Is Not Always Dignified
References
Chapter 13: Judgment and Decision-Making Paradigms in Adolescents and Adults with ADHD and Associations with Cognitive Abilities
JDM Paradigms in ADHD
Temporal Discounting-Related Paradigms
Risky Decision-Making Paradigms
Associations Between Cognitive Abilities and Judgment and Decision making in ADHD
Associations Between Cognitive Abilities and Temporal Discounting-Related Paradigms in ADHD
Associations Between Cognitive Abilities and Risky Decision-Making Paradigms in ADHD
Temporal Discounting and Risky Decision-Making Paradigms in Other Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Temporal Discounting
Risky Decision Making
Summary, Conclusions, and Applied Clinical Practice Considerations
References
Chapter 14: Social Functioning and Decision Making: From Group to Individual Differences Across the Autism Spectrum
Introduction
Background
Current Focus
History of the Study of Individual Differences in Human Judgment and Decision Making
Introduction to Individual Differences in Social Functioning
Group Differences in Decision Making Between Persons with and without Autism
Difficulty with Everyday Decisions
Social Functioning Disability
Framing Effects: The Unusual Disease Problem
Risky Decision Making and the Cups Task
Individual Differences in Social Functioning and Decision Making
Social Functioning
Impact of Social Functioning on Social Media Decision Making
Summary and Conclusions
References
Chapter 15: Cognitive, Emotional, and Moral Decision Making in Adolescents and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Decision Making
Cognitive Decision Making
Emotional Decision Making
Moral Decision Making
Support Program for Decision Making
Conclusion and Recommendations
References
Part IV: Applications of Decision Making
Chapter 16: Decision Making During Transition to Adulthood
Overview of Transition Planning
Self-Determination and Decision Making
Decision Making in Transition Planning
Independent Decision Making
Supported Decision Making
Areas of Decision Making in Transition Planning
Employment
Independent Living
Postsecondary Education
Financial Matters
Methods for Increasing Decision Making and Self-Direction During Transition
Interventions to Promote Self-Direction and Decision Making in the Transition Process
Student-Directed IEPs
Person-Centered Transition Planning
Examples of Curricula for Decision Making and Self-Direction
Conclusion
References
Chapter 17: Financial Decision Making and People with Intellectual Disabilities
Introduction
Financial Abuse
Decision-Making Capacity: The Legal Basis
Financial Decision Making and Capacity
Financial Decision Making and Capacity in People with ID
Case Example
Models of Financial Capacity
Summary and Conclusions
References
Chapter 18: Decision Making and Vulnerability to Maltreatment
Introduction
Assessment of Interpersonal Decision Making
Maltreatment and Decision Making During Adolescence
Peer Aggression and Bullying
Cyberbullying
Adolescent Risk Factors
Adolescent Protective Factors
Maltreatment and Decision Making During Adulthood
Adult Risk Factors
Adult Protective Factors
Conclusions and Recommendations
References
Chapter 19: Criminal Justice Decisions and People with Intellectual Disabilities
Introduction
Decision Making and ‘Offenders’
Why Might Some People Be at Greater Risk than Others of Engaging in Behaviour That Leads to the Attention of the Criminal Justice System?
How Are Some People Who May or Not Have Committed Illegal Behaviour ‘Transformed’ into ‘Offenders’?
Understanding of the Miranda Rights (USA) and the Caution (England and Wales)
Decision Making During Police Detention and Interviewing
Understanding of Magistrates’ Courts in England and Wales
Conclusions
References
Part V: Positive Psychology Interventions for Decision Making
Chapter 20: From Social Vulnerability Assessment to Active Prevention Measures: A Decision-Making Perspective
Active Prevention
Active Prevention Goals and Strategies
Risk Education Programs and Abuse Prevention in IDD
Challenges Faced by Abuse Prevention Programs in IDD
Multicomponent Programs
Programs Focused on Decision-Making and Problem-Solving Skills
Social Vulnerability
Collective and Personal Social Vulnerability
Factors of Personal Social Vulnerability
Social Vulnerability Assessments
The Test of Interpersonal Competence and Personal Vulnerability
The Social Vulnerability Scale
The Social Vulnerability Questionnaire
Social Vulnerability and Decision Making
Our Own Research in the Field
Research in the Field of Social Vulnerability Assessment
Implementation of ESCAPE-DD in the Swiss Context: Some Considerations
Perspectives and Conclusion
References
Chapter 21: Behavioral Approaches to Teaching Decision Making to Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Introduction
Importance of Decision Making by Individuals with IDD
Social Vulnerability and the Importance of Effective Decision Making
Teaching Effective Decision Making to Decrease Victimization
Behavior Skills Training
BST Procedures
Preparation for BST Sessions
Components of BST
Instruction
Modeling
Rehearsal
Feedback
In Situ Assessment
In Situ Training
Using BST to Teach Decision Making
Abduction Prevention
Sexual Abuse Prevention
Safety Skills
Considerations for BST
Directions for Future Research
Directions for Future Practice
References
Chapter 22: Strategy-Based Interventions for Effective Interpersonal Decision Making
Introduction
Interdependent Processes in Decision-Making Training
Decision-Making Curriculum Development and Evaluation: Focus on Adults with IDD
ESCAPE (Effective Strategy-Based Curriculum for Abuse Prevention and Empowerment)
ESCAPE-DD (Effective Strategy-Based Curriculum for Abuse Prevention and Empowerment – Developmental Disabilities)
ESCAPE-NOW (Effective Strategy-Based Curriculum for Abuse Prevention and Empowerment – NOW)
Decision-Making Training Support Groups
Decision-Making Curriculum Development and Evaluation: Focus on Adolescents with IDD
PEER-DM: Peers Engaged in Effective ­Relationships – Decision Making
PEER-DM-C: Peers Engaged in Effective Relationships – Decision Making: Classroom
Considerations in Decision-Making Training
Curricular Adaptations for Singular Groups
New Directions in Decision-Making Training and IDD
Application to Broader Domains of Decision Making
Methodological Challenges in Decision-Making Intervention Research
Future Areas of Decision-Making Intervention Research
Conclusion
References
Part VI: New Directions in Decision-Making Research
Chapter 23: Decision Making and Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Future Directions for Research and Practice
Implications for Practice
Decision-Making Models
Developmental View of Independent Decision Making
New Research Directions
Lifespan View of Decision Making
Impact of Comorbidities on Decision Making
Etiological Understanding of Decision Making and ID/IDD
Expanding Decision-Making Efforts to Include Individuals with Severe Disabilities
Aging and Decision Making
Defining Capacity and Decision-Making Competency
Conclusion
References
Index