No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
in vehicles and for hydraulic systems -was covered in some depth. Changing from ISO 46 oil to one of ISO 32 specification was estimated to save 15% in energy consumption, as a result of reduced flow losses. The viscosity index (VI) is also important, since a high VI will further reduce losses at low temperature. Reduced viscosity and the introduction of many new additive packages are both of direct concern to seal suppliers. This is evident from the discussions over zinc-free oil in the news in our December issue.
The papers presented were as follows:
โข Environmental management of marine lubricants -C. Allen. โข Lubricant additives -present state and future development -I. Brown. โข The lubricant contribution to future low emission truck engine design -P. Brett. โข Fuel economy impacts of the ash content of lubricants -M. Sutton. โข Lubricants and energy efficiency: life-cycle analysis -I. Taylor. โข Lubricants from renewable resources: moving up a gear -C. Lea. โข Biodegradable hydraulic fluids -field performance in mobile equipment -N. Battersby. โข Trends in fluid application strategy for machining processes -D. Stephenson.
๐ SIMILAR VOLUMES
Directly molded valve seal for accumulator