Cyber-physical Systems: Theory, Methodology, and Applications (IEEE Press)

✍ Scribed by Pedro H. J. Nardelli

• Publisher: Wiley-IEEE Press
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 291
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS

Provides a unique general theory of cyber-physical systems, focusing on how physical, data, and decision processes are articulated as a complex whole

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) operate in complex environments systems with integrated physical and computational capabilities. With the ability to interact with humans through variety of modalities, cyber-physical systems are applied across areas such as Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled devices, smart grids, autonomous automotive systems, medical monitoring, and distributed robotics. Existing engineering methods are capable of solving technical problems, yet the deployment of CPS in a net-enabled society requires a general theory of cyber-physical systems that goes beyond specific study cases and their associated technological development.

Cyber-physical Systems: Theory, Methodology, and Applications is a unique theoretical-methodological guide to assessing systems where complex information processing defines the behavior of physical processes. Using a systematic approach, the book describes the fundamentals of cybernetics, complexity sciences, system engineering, concepts of data and information, the data dissemination process, graph theory, and more. Readers are provided with the general theory, methodological framework, and analytical tools to assess and design CPS for applications in transport, energy, communication, health care, the military, and industry.

• Provides a framework for measuring the performance of different cyber-physical systems and assessing the potential impact of various cyber-threats
• Proposes a theory of CPS comprised of autonomous but interdependent physical, data, and regulatory layers
• Discusses decision-making approaches rooted in probability theory, information theory, complexity sciences, and game theory
• Helps readers perform a systemic impact evaluation of trending topics such as Artificial Intelligence, 5G, Energy Internet, blockchain, and data ownership
• Features extensive analysis of various cyber-physical systems across different domains

Cyber-physical Systems: Theory, Methodology, and Applications is a must-read for undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and practitioners in electrical and computer engineering and other technical fields.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Cyber‐Physical Systems in 2020
1.2 Need for a General Theory
1.3 Historical Highlights: Control Theory, Information Theory, and Cybernetics
1.4 Philosophical Background
1.5 Book Structure
1.6 Summary
Exercises
References
Part I
Chapter 2 System
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Systems Engineering
2.3 Demarcation of Specific Systems
2.4 Classification of Systems
2.4.1 Natural and Human‐Made Systems
2.4.2 Material and Conceptual Systems
2.4.3 Static and Dynamic Systems
2.4.4 Closed and Open Systems
2.5 Maxwell's Demon as a System
2.5.1 System Demarcation
2.5.2 Classification
2.5.3 Discussions
2.6 Summary
Exercises
References
Chapter 3 Uncertainty
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Games and Uncertainty
3.3 Uncertainty and Probability Theory
3.4 Random Variables: Dependence and Stochastic Processes
3.5 Summary
Exercises
References
Chapter 4 Information
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Data and Information
4.3 Information and Its Different Forms
4.3.1 Mathematical Information and Communication
4.3.2 Semantic Information
4.3.3 Biological Information
4.3.4 Physical Information
4.4 Physical and Symbolic Realities
4.5 Summary
Exercises
References
Chapter 5 Network
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Network Types
5.2.1 Peer‐to‐Peer Networks
5.2.2 One‐to‐Many, Many‐to‐One, and Star Networks
5.2.3 Complete and Erdös–Rényi Networks
5.2.4 Line, Ring, and Regular Networks
5.2.5 Watts–Strogatz, Barabási–Albert and Other Networks
5.3 Processes on Networks and Applications
5.3.1 Communication Systems
5.3.2 Transportation in Cities
5.3.3 Virus Propagation and Epidemiology
5.4 Limitations
5.4.1 From (Big) Data to Mathematical Abstractions
5.4.2 From Mathematical Abstractions to Models of Physical Processes
5.4.3 Universality and Cross‐Domain Issues
5.5 Summary
Exercises
References
Chapter 6 Decisions and Actions
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Forms of Decision‐Making
6.3 Optimization
6.4 Game Theory
6.5 Rule‐Based Decisions
6.6 Limitations
6.7 Summary
Exercises
References
Part II
Chapter 7 The Three Layers of Cyber‐Physical Systems
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Physical Layer, Measuring, and Sensing Processes
7.3 Data Layer and Informing Processes
7.4 Decision Layer and Acting Processes
7.5 Self‐developing Reflexive–Active System and Cyber‐Physical Systems
7.6 Layer‐Based Protocols and Cyber‐Physical Systems Design
7.7 Summary
Exercises
References
Chapter 8 Dynamics of Cyber‐Physical Systems
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Dynamics of Cyber‐Physical Systems
8.2.1 Elementary Cellular Automaton
8.2.2 Example of a Cyber‐Physical System
8.2.3 Observable Attributes and Performance Metrics
8.2.4 Optimization
8.3 Failures and Layer‐Based Attacks
8.4 Summary
Exercises
References
Part III
Chapter 9 Enabling Information and Communication Technologies
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Data Networks and Wireless Communications
9.2.1 Network Layers and Their Protocols
9.2.2 Network: Edge and Core
9.2.3 IoT, Machine‐Type Communications, and 5G
9.3 Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
9.3.1 Machine Learning: Data, Model, and Loss Function
9.3.2 Formalizing and Solving a ML Problem
9.3.3 ML Methods
9.4 Decentralized Computing and Distributed Ledger Technology
9.4.1 Federated Learning and Decentralized Machine Learning
9.4.2 Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology
9.5 Future Technologies: A Look at the Unknown Future
9.5.1 Quantum Internet
9.5.2 Internet of Bio‐Nano Things
9.5.3 After Moore's Law
9.6 Summary
Exercises
References
Chapter 10 Applications
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Cyber‐Physical Industrial System
10.2.1 Tennessee Eastman Process
10.2.2 Tennessee Eastman Process as a Cyber‐Physical System
10.2.3 Example of Fault Detection in the TEP
10.3 Cyber‐Physical Energy System
10.3.1 Electricity Power Grid as a System
10.3.2 Frequency Regulation by Smart Fridges
10.3.3 Challenges in Demand‐Side Management in Cyber‐Physical Energy Systems
10.4 Other Examples
10.4.1 Cyber‐Physical Public Health Surveillance System
10.4.2 Mobile Application for Real‐Time Traffic Routes
10.5 Summary
Exercises
References
Chapter 11 Beyond Technology
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Governance Models
11.2.1 Markets
11.2.2 Central Planning
11.2.3 Commons
11.2.4 Final Remarks About Governance Models
11.3 Social Implications of the Cyber Reality
11.3.1 Data Ownership
11.3.2 Global Platforms
11.3.3 Fake News
11.3.4 Hybrid Warfare
11.4 The Cybersyn Project
11.5 Summary
Exercises
References
Chapter 12 Closing Words
12.1 Strong Theory Leads to Informed Practices
12.2 Open Challenges in CPSs
12.3 CPSs and the Fourth Industrial Revolution
12.4 Building the Future
Exercises
Index
EULA