Current Trends in Biomedical Engineering

✍ Scribed by Christiane Bertachini Lombello (editor), Patricia Aparecida da Ana (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2023
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 294
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book brings together the latest updates from various subareas of biomedical engineering, providing readers with a broad overview of the current state of the art and the technological trends to be refined in the coming years with the goal of improving human health. It shows the important advances in each subfield, rehabilitation technology, computational systems applied to health, and medical devices, with practical examples. It includes topics not covered in other books in the area, such as digital health, bioprinting, organs-on-a-chip, the open data paradigm, and electrical impedance tomography. It is a short and easy-to-read book, and provides bibliographic references for the reader to go deeper into their areas of interest.

This book is aimed at a very broad group of professionals and students in biomedical engineering and related areas, seeking to contextualize and understand the latest scientific advances in each subfield of biomedical engineering, including neuroengineering, regenerative medicine, additive manufacturing orthosis, postural analysis of Parkinson's patients, modelling and simulation using biomechanical open data, regenerative medicine, advanced drug delivery systems, bioprinting, biophotonic and electrical impedance tomography.

✦ Table of Contents

Foreword
Preface
Contents
Contributors
1 Biomedical Engineering: History and Areas of Expertise
1.1 Introduction
1.2 A Little Bit of History
1.3 Biomechanics, Rehabilitation, and Assistive Technology
1.4 Computational Systems Applied to Health
1.5 Medical Devices
1.6 Conclusion
References
Part I Biomechanics, Rehabilitation and Assistive Technology
2 Postural Control in Humans: Theories, Modeling, and Quantification
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Theories
2.2.1 The Need of an Active Control of the Upright Posture
2.2.2 The Minimization of the Deviation from Vertical
2.2.3 The Sway Around a Moving Reference
2.2.4 The Exploratory Behavior
2.2.5 The Maximization of Virtual Time to Contact
2.3 Modeling
2.3.1 The Inverted Pendulum Model
2.3.2 A Model for Control of the Inverted Pendulum
2.3.3 On the Open-Closed Loop Control
2.3.4 On the COP and COGv Relation
2.3.5 On the COP, COGv, and Muscle Activity Relationship
2.4 Quantification
2.4.1 COP and COGv Quantification
2.4.2 Measurements for the Quantification of Body Sway
2.4.3 Open Datasets
2.5 Concluding Remarks
References
3 Postural Control in Parkinson's Disease
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Freezing of Gait
3.3 Anticipatory Postural Adjustments During Step Initiation
3.4 Reactive Response
3.5 Quiet Standing
3.6 Prolonged Standing
3.7 Dynamic Balance During Walking
3.8 Conclusion
References
4 Narrative Review on the Application of Additive Manufacturing in the Production of Upper Limb Orthoses
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Additive Manufacturing
4.3 Upper Limb Orthoses Fabricated Through Advanced Manufacturing
4.4 Finger Orthoses
4.5 Wrist-Hand Orthoses
4.6 Orthoses for the Treatment of Wrist Injuries and Fractures
4.7 Concluding Remarks
References
Part II Computational Systems Applied to Health
5 Mobile Health Solution Through Machine Learning and Sensors in the Detection of Falls Associated with Aging
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Methods
5.3 Results and Discussion
References
6 Managing the Future of Healthcare: The Importance of Health Information Management
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Data and Information in the Health Area
6.2.1 Database Modeling and Software Engineering
6.2.2 Data Provenance
6.3 The Importance of Computerizing Health Data
6.4 Machine Learning and the Application in Healthcare
6.5 Conclusion
References
7 Hemodynamic Modeling of Supraventricular Arrhythmias Using an Integrated Numerical Approach
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Supraventricular Arrhythmias
7.3 Applied Example: Integrated Hemodynamic Modeling for Atrial Fibrillation
7.4 Electrophysiological Activity
7.5 Hemodynamic Modeling by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
7.6 Governing Equations of Blood Flow
7.7 Integration of Electromechanical Effects into Hemodynamics
7.8 Hemodynamic Indicators of Pro-thrombotic Zones
7.9 Simplified Biochemical Model for Direct Thrombi Prediction
7.10 Left Atrial Hemodynamic Patterns: Healthy Sinus Rhythm Versus Atrial Fibrillation Case by Coupling 3D Electromechanical Activity
7.11 Challenges and Future Perspectives
References
Part III Medical Devices
8 Principles of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
8.1 Introduction
8.2 History, Concepts, and Strategies
8.3 Cells and In Vitro Culture
8.4 Scaffolds
8.5 Inductive Molecules and Growth Factors
8.6 3D Bioprinting for Tissue Engineering
8.7 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
9 Natural Hydrogels for Drug Delivery Systems
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Functionalization of Hydrogels for Drug Delivery Systems
9.3 Kinetic Models of Drug Release
9.4 Examples
9.5 Conclusions
References
10 Techniques for Estimating Parameters of Sampled Sinusoidal Signals in Electrical Impedance Tomography
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Problem Statement
10.3 Demodulation When the Frequency f Is Known
10.3.1 Least-Squares Method (Known f)
Computational Implementation
10.3.2 Discrete Fourier Transform Method (Known f)
Computational Implementation
10.4 Demodulation When the Frequency f Is Not Known
10.4.1 Least-Squares Method (Unknown f)
Computational Implementation
10.4.2 Discrete Fourier Transform Method (Unknown f)
Computational Implementation
10.5 Simulations and Discussion
10.5.1 Data Length Influence on Error When f Is Known
10.5.2 Sampling Frequency Influence on Error When f Is Known
10.5.3 Sensitivity to Errors in the Linearization Point When f Is Unknown
10.6 Conclusion
References
Untitled
Part IV Applied Technologies
11 Basics of 3D Bioprinting Extrusion Process
Abbreviations
11.1 Timeline of 3D Bioprinting
11.2 Fundamentals of Extrusion-Based Bioprinting
11.3 Key Factors for Extrusion-Based Bioprinting of Bioinks
11.3.1 Viscosity
11.3.2 Shear-Thinning Behavior
11.3.3 Thixotropy
11.3.4 Cross-Linking Method
11.3.5 Printer Nozzles and Needles
11.4 Limitation and Advantage of Bioinks for Extrusion-Based Bioprinting
11.5 Accessible Hardware and Software for 3D Bioprinting
11.6 Future Perspectives
References
12 Optical Techniques for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Oral Hard Tissue Lesions
12.1 Introduction
12.2 General Aspects of Dental Lesions
12.3 Basic Principles of Biophotonics
12.4 Fluorescence-Based Methods
12.5 Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
12.6 Vibrational Spectroscopy
12.7 Transillumination
12.8 Conclusion
References
13 3D Electrical Mapping of the Heart
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Electroanatomic Mapping
13.3 Body Surface Potential Mapping (BSPM)
13.4 Electrocardiographic Imaging
13.5 Panoramic Optical Mapping
References
14 Fully Bioresorbable Vascular Stents
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Bioresorbable Vascular Stents (BVS) in CAD Interventions
14.3 Absorbable Metal Stents (AMS) in CAD Interventions
14.4 Considerations Related to Biomaterials and Manufacturing Methods
14.5 Final Considerations
References
15 Organs-on-a-Chip: Principles and Applications
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Organs-on-a-Chip (OOC) Concept
15.3 Organs-on-a-Chip (OOC) Applications
15.3.1 Multi-Organ-on-a-Chip
15.3.2 Bone-on-a-Chip
15.3.3 Eye-on-a-Chip
15.3.4 Heart-on-a-Chip
15.3.5 Brain-on-a-Chip and Blood–Brain Barrier
15.3.6 Liver-on-a-Chip
15.3.7 Kidney-on-a-Chip
15.3.8 Lung-on-a-Chip
15.3.9 Gut-on-a-Chip
15.4 Microfluidics and Organs-on-a-Chip (OOC)
15.4.1 Microfluidic Designs and Devices
15.5 Conclusion
References
Correction to: Current Trends in Biomedical Engineering
Index