โ Scribed by David Fisher
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
Moral reflection is the process through which persons come to perceive, analyze, judge and decide moral problems, issues, and dilemmas. Because of its complex character, the process can be studied from a variety of perspectives. Psycho-genetic approaches, such as those of Lawrence Kohlberg, study the sequential stages through which individuals develop capacities for moral reasoning. Victor Turner, an anthropologist interested in the relationship between elements of structure and antistructure in society, considered the role of structured beliefs during periods of social crises, while some sociologists have focused attention on the everyday structural roles played by norms in social life. Peter Berger's image of religion as a "sacred canopy" which provides a "nomizing" or stabilizing context for societies could be applied with equal justice to moral norms.
Philosophers, in contrast to these considerations, have usually been concerned with the rational foundations for specific moral claims; with normative ethical theories and their applications, or with metaethical questions about the meaning and nature of moral utterances and the logic of moral reasoning. This restriction of philosophical interest to rational justification at various levels has led to an emphasis on two phases of the moral reflection process, analysis and decision, at the expense of two other phases, those of perception and resolution. Concentration on the universal and rational character of moral justification has also prevented attention from being given to some unique characteristics which distinguish moral reflection among persons involved in a crisis moral community, called into being by a breach in established social order from moral reflection among persons in everyday moral communities. The following remarks seek to (1) def'me the moral reflection process in an expanded sense, and then (2) discuss how that process works within crisis moral communities.
Typically, moral reflection is grounded in commitment to a moral community, a
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