COVID-19, Tourist Destinations and Prospects for Recovery: Volume Two: An African Perspective

✍ Scribed by Kaitano Dube (editor), Ishmael Mensah (editor), Lazarus Chapungu (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2023
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 281
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Despite the fact that the African tourism industry is prone to disturbances such as diseases, extreme weather events, civil unrest, wars, and other shocks, nothing could have prepared this destination for the devastating effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the absence of government or international agency budget support, the pandemic challenged the African tourism market to its core. The focus of this book is to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the African tourism destination market as well as its prospects for recovery. A chapter written by the editorial team introduces the book. Following the introduction, the book offers chapters evaluating the pandemic's impact on African tourism. Chapters in the second part of the book discuss tourism recovery and how some destinations have survived the pandemic. The book concludes with a chapter providing policy recommendations and practical implementation advice. The book is part of a 3 volume series.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
About the Editors
About the Authors
Part I: Background and Introduction
Chapter 1: Impact of COVID-19 on Tourism and Prospects of Recovery: An African Perspective
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Tourism in Africa Pre-COVID-19
1.3 Impacts of COVID-19 on Tourist Destinations in Africa
1.3.1 The Vulnerability of African Tourist Destinations to Pandemics and Other Crises
1.4 COVID-19 Recovery Strategies of Tourist Destinations in Africa
1.5 Post-Pandemic Tourism Outlook for Africa
1.6 Structure of This Book
1.7 Methodology
1.8 Conclusion
References
Part II: Impact of COVID-19 on African Tourist Destinations
Chapter 2: The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Small-Scale Hospitality and Tourism Businesses in Coastal Communities in Ghana
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Tourism Crisis Management
2.2.1 Concept of Tourism Crisis Management
2.2.2 Models of Crisis Management in Tourism
2.3 Materials and Methods
2.3.1 Study Area
2.3.2 Data Collection and Analysis
2.4 Results
2.4.1 Knowledge and Awareness of the COVID-19 Pandemic
2.4.2 Effects of the COVID- 19 on Small-Scale Hospitality and Tourism Businesses
2.4.3 Coping and Management Strategies in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
2.5 Discussion
2.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: The Impact of COVID-19 on Tourism in Zambia
3.1 Introduction and Background
3.2 Zambia: A Nature, Cultural, and Adventure Tourism Destination
3.2.1 A Global Perspective of COVID-19 and Its Impacts on the Tourism Sector
3.2.2 A Zambian Perspective of COVID-19 and Its Impacts on the Tourism Sector
3.3 Materials and Methods
3.4 Findings and Discussion
3.4.1 Government Responses to COVID-19 Pandemic Impact
3.4.2 Tourism Industry Responses to COVID-19 Pandemic Impact
3.4.3 Case Study Findings: Livingstone Tourism During the COVID-19 Pandemic
3.4.3.1 Description of Livingstone as a Tourism Destination
3.4.4 COVID-19 Impacts on Tourism Businesses in the Livingstone Area
3.4.4.1 Loss of Revenue
3.4.4.2 Reduced Occupancy Rates
3.4.4.3 Closure of Tourism Enterprises
3.4.4.4 Loss of Employment
3.4.5 The Impact of COVID-19 on Institutions Responsible for Managing Wildlife and Victoria Falls Heritage Site
3.4.5.1 Mosi-Oa-Tunya National Park
3.4.5.2 Community-Based Organisations in and Around Livingstone
3.4.5.3 Loss of Income for the Institution Responsible for World Heritage Site Management
3.4.6 Proposed Recovery Strategies and Practical Solutions for Zambia
3.4.6.1 Mitigate Socio-economic Impacts on Livelihoods
3.4.6.2 Boost Competitiveness and Build Resilience
3.4.6.3 Advance Innovation and Digital Transformation of Tourism
3.4.6.4 Foster Sustainability and Green Growth
3.4.6.5 Coordination and Partnerships
3.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: Exploring Trends of South African Tourist Accommodation Occupancy During COVID-19
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic Worldwide
4.3 The COVID-19 Pandemic in South Africa
4.4 Methods and Materials
4.5 Data Presentation and Discussion
4.6 Proposed Resilience and Recovery Pathways
4.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 5: The Impact of COVID-19 on the Hotels as Quarantine Destinations
5.1 Introduction and Background
5.1.1 The Hospitality Industry Before the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Overview
5.1.2 Tourism in Zimbabwe
5.2 Study Design
5.3 Results and Discussion
5.3.1 Inadequate Support and Staff Preparation
5.3.2 The Psychosocial Impact of COVID-19 on Hotel Employees
5.3.3 Fear and Anxiety
5.3.4 Stigma and Discrimination
5.3.5 Financial and Economic Impact of COVID-19
5.4 Conclusion
5.4.1 Implications of the Study
5.4.2 Limitations
References
Part III: COVID-19 Recovery and Resilience of Tourist Destinations in Africa
Chapter 6: Evaluation of the Efficacy of the COVID-19 Recovery Plans for Tourism: Limpopo Province in South Africa
6.1 Introduction and Background
6.2 Literature Review
6.2.1 Cultural Heritage Tourism During the COVID-19 Pandemic
6.2.2 Recovery Plans Presented at Different Government Levels
6.2.3 Reignite Demand
6.2.4 Rejuvenation of Supply by Strengthening and Enabling Capability
6.2.5 Tourism in Limpopo
6.2.6 The South African Government’s Action Plan to Help the Tourism Industry
6.2.7 Probable or Possible Direct Interventions
6.3 The Methodology
6.4 Findings and Discussions
6.4.1 The Qualifying Criteria for Relief Fund Assistance in Limpopo
6.4.2 Number of Beneficiaries
6.4.3 Challenges for Cultural Heritage Establishments in South Africa in Accessing the Relief Grant or Assistance
6.4.4 The Support from the South African Government
6.4.5 Other South African COVID-19 Relief Schemes
6.5 Implications of the Study
6.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 7: Impact, Recovery and Resilience of the Events and Festivals Sector from COVID-19 Crisis: Lessons from Zimbabwe
7.1 Introduction and Background
7.2 Literature Review
7.2.1 Tourism and Resilience
7.2.2 Global Perspectives on the State of Event Tourism and the COVID-19 Pandemic
7.2.3 Overview of the Impact of COVID-19 on the Events and Festivals Industry
7.3 Materials and Methods
7.3.1 Description of the Study Area
7.3.2 Research Design
7.3.3 Data Collection
7.3.4 Ethical Considerations
7.3.5 Data Analysis
7.4 Findings and Discussion
7.4.1 Types of Festivals and Special Events Impacted by COVID-19
7.4.2 COVID-19-Induced Socioeconomic Impacts
7.4.3 Recovery and Resilient Enhancement Strategies
7.4.4 Event Consumers’ Mindset Shift
7.5 Conclusions and Implications
References
Chapter 8: Prospects for Tourism Recovery in Kariba Town in the Context of COVID-19
8.1 Introduction
8.2 The Context of the Research
8.3 Research Methods
8.4 Findings and Discussion
8.4.1 ZTA’s Weaknesses and Suggestions for Improving Its Operations
8.4.2 Informal Traders
8.4.3 Local Governance and Marketing of Tourist Destination
8.4.4 Managing the COVID-19 Pandemic and Vaccination Programmes
8.4.5 Infrastructure Development
8.4.6 Investments in Tourism
8.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9: The Resilience of Lodges in Private Protected Areas to COVID-19: Lessons from South Africa
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Literature Review
9.2.1 COVID-19 and the Wildlife-Based Tourism Industry
9.2.2 The Importance of the Wildlife-Based Tourism Industry and Threats from COVID-19
9.3 Materials and Methods
9.4 Results
9.4.1 Impact of COVID-19 on the Components of the Business
9.4.2 Impact of COVID-19 on Staffing
9.4.3 Engagement with Local Communities
9.4.4 How PPA’s Have Diversified Income
9.5 Discussion
9.5.1 Factors Affecting the Resilience of Private Protected Areas During COVID-19
9.5.2 Private Protected Areas’ Effects on Staffing
9.5.3 National Governance and Private Protected Areas
9.5.4 Community Resilience and Private Protected Areas
9.5.5 Lessons in Resilience by Private Protected Areas
9.6 Conclusions and Implications
References
Part IV: Tourism Recovery Strategies for African Tourist Destinations
Chapter 10: Impacts of COVID-19 on Emerging Tourist Destinations and Recovery Strategies in Ghana
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Literature Review
10.2.1 Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Tourist Destinations
10.2.2 COVID-19 Pandemic Recovery Strategies
10.3 Materials and Methods
10.4 Presentation and Discussion of Findings
10.4.1 Impact of COVID-19 on Tourism in Ghana
10.4.2 COVID-19 Recovery Strategies in Ghana
10.4.2.1 Government/Destination Managers
10.4.2.2 Private Sector/Industry Players
10.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 11: Tourism Recovery Strategies from COVID-19 Within National Parks in Western Cape, South Africa
11.1 Background and Introduction
11.2 Literature Review
11.2.1 COVID-19 and Protected Areas
11.2.2 Tourism and National Parks Recovery
11.2.3 Challenges and Opportunities for Recovery
11.3 Study Design
11.4 Results and Discussion
11.4.1 Recovery Marketing Interventions by SANParks
11.5 Conclusions and Recommendations
References
Chapter 12: COVID-19 and Rural Tourism Destinations in South Africa: Impact, Transformation Opportunities and Potential
12.1 Introduction and Background
12.2 Conceptualising the Term Rural Tourism Destination
12.3 The Context of Rural Tourism Destinations in South Africa
12.4 Materials and Methods
12.5 Findings and Discussion
12.5.1 The Impact of COVID-19 on Rural Tourism Destinations
12.5.1.1 Decline in Tourist Arrivals and Tourism Activities at Rural Tourism Destinations Caused by the Pandemic
12.5.1.2 Sudden Loss of Employment and Revenue at Rural Tourism Destinations Caused by the Pandemic
12.5.2 Transformation Opportunities and the Potential to Develop Future Rural Tourism Destinations
12.5.2.1 The Potential for Rural Tourism Destinations to Maintain Health Safety Measures
12.5.2.2 Opportunities to Tap into the Domestic Market
12.5.2.3 Opportunity for Coordinated Rural Tourism Development
12.5.2.4 Opportunity to Transform Rural Infrastructure
12.5.2.5 Opportunity to Transform Technology
12.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 13: Post-COVID-19 Aviation Industry Recovery, Resilience, Challenges and Opportunities: A Focus on Western Cape Province, South Africa
13.1 Introduction and Background
13.2 Study Area
13.3 Research Methodology
13.4 Results and Discussion
13.5 Impact and Recovery of International Air Travel at the Cape Town International Airport
13.6 Aviation Recovery Challenges and Opportunities
13.7 Conclusions
References
Part V: Conclusion and Recommendations
Chapter 14: African Tourism Destinations in the Post-COVID-19 Era: Conclusions, Recommendations and Implications
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Impact of COVID-19 on African Tourism Destinations
14.3 COVID-19 Recovery and Resilience of Tourism Destinations in Africa
14.4 Recovery and Resilience of Cultural Destinations and Private Protected Areas
14.5 Policy and Practical Implications
14.5.1 Adopting the Smart Destination Framework for African Tourism Destinations
14.5.2 Putting People and Small Tourism Businesses at the Centre of Recovery and Resilience Building
14.5.3 Accelerating Positive Action
14.6 Conclusion
References
Index