Cotton and Williams' Practical Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: The Fundamentals

✍ Scribed by Catharine M. Walsh, Ahmir Ahmad, Brian P. Saunders, Jonathan Cohen, Peter B. Cotton, Christopher B. Williams

• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
• Year: 2024
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 243
• Edition: 8
• Category: Library

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
List of Video Clips
Preface to the Eighth Edition
Preface to the First Edition
Acknowledgments
About the Companion Website
CHAPTER 1 Welcome to Endoscopy
Resources and links
CHAPTER 2 The Endoscopy Unit, Staff, and Management
Endoscopy units
Functional planning
Procedure rooms
Patient preparation and recovery areas
Equipment management and storage
Staff
Procedure reports
Management, behavior, and teamwork
Documentation and quality improvement
Educational resources
Further reading
CHAPTER 3 Endoscopic Equipment
Endoscopes
Tip control
Instrument channels and valves
Different instruments
Endoscopic accessories
Ancillary equipment
Electrosurgical units
Lasers and argon plasma coagulation
Equipment maintenance
Channel blockage
Infection control
Staff protection
Cleaning and disinfection
Endoscope reprocessing
Mechanical cleaning
Manual cleaning
Manual disinfection
Disinfectants
Rinsing, drying, and storing
Accessory devices
Quality control of reprocessing
Further reading
CHAPTER 4 Patient Care, Risks, and Safety
Patient assessment
Is the procedure indicated?
What are the potential adverse events?
Rates of adverse events
Patient education and consent
Ancillary materials
Physical preparation
Sedation/anesthesia
Monitoring
Levels of sedation
Sedation/analgesic agents (Table 4.3)
Other medications
Anesthesia
Pregnancy and lactation
Recovery and discharge
Managing adverse events
Further reading
Adverse events
Antibiotic prophylaxis
Quality
Consent
Anticoagulation
Sedation
CHAPTER 5 Upper Endoscopy: The Fundamentals
Patient position
Endoscopist position
Endoscope handling
Passing the endoscope
Direct vision insertion
Blind insertion
Insertion with tubes in place
Finger-assisted insertion
Routine diagnostic survey
Esophagus
Stomach
Through the pylorus into the duodenum
Passage into the descending duodenum
Withdrawal back into the stomach
Retroflexion in the stomach (J maneuver) and U-turn maneuver
Removing the instrument
Problems during endoscopy
Patient distress
Getting lost
Inadequate mucosal view
Recognition of lesions
Esophagus
Stomach
Duodenum
Dye enhancement techniques
Specimen collection
Biopsy techniques
Cytology techniques
Sampling submucosal lesions
Diagnostic endoscopy under special circumstances
Operated patients
Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Endoscopy in children
Endoscopy of the small intestine
Further reading
CHAPTER 6 Therapeutic Upper Endoscopy
Benign esophageal strictures
Dilation methods
Post-dilation management
Achalasia
Balloon dilation
Botulinum toxin
Esophageal cancer palliation
Palliative techniques
Esophageal stenting
Esophageal perforation
Gastric and duodenal stenoses
Gastric and duodenal polyps and tumors
Foreign bodies
Foreign body retrieval
Retrieval devices
Acute bleeding
Gastric lavage
Bleeding lesions
Variceal treatments
Treatment of bleeding ulcers
Treatment of bleeding vascular lesions
Complications of hemostasis
Enteral nutrition
Feeding and decompression tubes
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG)
Percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy (PEJ)
Nutritional support
Further reading
Neoplasia
Foreign bodies
Nutrition
Bleeding
Esophageal
General
CHAPTER 7 Colonoscopy and FlexibleSigmoidoscopy
History
Indications and limitations, and alternatives
Scanning techniques
Combined procedures
Limitations of colonoscopy
Hazards and adverse events
Safety
Informed consent
Contraindications and infective hazards
Patient preparation
Bowel preparation
Medication
Sedation and analgesia
Antispasmodics
Equipment—present and future
Colonoscopes
Water-assisted insertion
Gas insufflation: Air or carbon dioxide?
Instrument checks and troubleshooting
Ergonomics
Accessories and attachments
Magnetic imaging of endoscope loops
Anatomy
Embryological anatomy (and “difficult colonoscopy”)
3-D adult colon configuration
Endoscopic anatomy
Insertion
Handling “single-handed,” “two-handed,” or two-person?
Two-person colonoscopy
“Two-handed” one-person technique
“Single-handed” one-person colonoscopy
Sigmoid colon—accurate steering
Endoscopic anatomy of the sigmoid and descending colon
Sigmoid colon—the bends
Sigmoid colon—the loops
Short or pain-sensitive colons—pull back and straighten to avoid an “N”-loop
Straightening a spiral loop
Longer colons—the S-loop
Atypical sigmoid loops and the “reversed alpha"
Remove shaft loops external to the patient
Diverticular disease
Descending colon
Distal colon mobility and “reversed” looping
Splenic flexure
Endoscopic anatomy
Insertion around the splenic flexure
The “reversed” splenic flexure
Transverse colon
Endoscopic anatomy
Insertion through the transverse colon
Hand pressure over the transverse or sigmoid colon
Hepatic flexure
Passing the hepatic flexure
Position change
Is it the hepatic flexure—or might it be the splenic?
Ascending colon and ileo-cecal region
Endoscopic anatomy
Reaching the cecum
Finding the ileo-cecal valve
Entering the ileum
Inspecting the terminal ileum
Overtubes and balloon colonoscopy
Examination of the colon
Localization
Normal appearances
Abnormal appearances
Unexplained rectal bleeding, anemia, or occult blood loss
Stomas
Pediatric ileocolonoscopy
Per-operative colonoscopy
Further reading
General sources
Colonoscopy quality
Preparation
Sedation
Techniques
Adverse events
CHAPTER 8 Therapeutic Colonoscopy
Equipment
Snare loops
Other devices
Image-enhanced endoscopy
Principles of polyp electrosurgery
Coagulating and cutting currents
Current density
Approach to polypectomy
Selection of polypectomy technique
Polypectomy: Diminutive and small polyps
Polypectomy: Large polyps
Polypectomy: Problem polyps
Recovery of polypectomy specimens
Risks of polypectomy
Adverse events
Safety
Other therapeutic procedures
Balloon dilation
Tube placement
Volvulus and intussusception
Angiodysplasia and hemangiomas
Stents
Further reading
General sources
Polypectomy techniques
Endoscopic aspects of polyps and cancer
CHAPTER 9 Advanced Endoscopic Procedures
Small bowel endoscopy
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)
Bariatric endoscopy
Anti-reflux procedures
Third space procedures and NOTES
Epilogue: The Future? Comments from the Senior Authors
Intelligent endoscopes
Colonoscopy—boonor bubble?
Advanced therapeutics, cooperation, and multidisciplinary working
Quality and teaching
Index
EULA