Coplanar Microwave Integrated Circuits

✍ Scribed by Wolff I.

• Year: 2006
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 559
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

The tools and techniques to fully leverage coplanar technologyCoplanar Microwave Integrated Circuits sets forth the theoretical underpinnings of coplanar waveguides and thoroughly examines the various coplanar components such as discontinuities, lumped elements, resonators, couplers, and filters, which are essential for microwave integrated circuit design. Based on the results of his own research findings, the author effectively demonstrates the many advantages of coplanar waveguide technology for modern circuit design.

✦ Table of Contents

COPLANAR MICROWAVE INTEGRATED CIRCUITS......Page 3
CONTENTS......Page 7
Preface......Page 13
1 Introduction......Page 15
References......Page 23
2.1 Rigorous, Full-Wave Analysis of Transmission Properties......Page 25
2.1.1 The Coplanar Waveguide with a Single Center Strip and Finite Ground-Plane Width......Page 26
2.1.2 The Coplanar Waveguide with a Single Center Strip and Infinite Ground-Plane Width......Page 40
2.1.3 Coupled Coplanar Waveguides......Page 48
2.1.3.1 Scattering Matrix of Coupled Coplanar Waveguides......Page 50
2.1.3.2 Coupled Coplanar Waveguides and Microstrip Lines—A Comparison......Page 54
2.2.1 Introduction......Page 60
2.2.3 The Solution of Laplace’s Equation for Planar and Coplanar Line Structures Using the Finite Difference Method......Page 62
2.2.4 Application of the Quasi-Static Techniques to the Analysis of Coplanar Waveguides......Page 69
2.2.5 Characteristic Parameters of Coplanar Waveguides......Page 77
2.2.6 The Influence of the Metalization Thickness on the Line Parameters......Page 86
2.2.7 The Influence of the Ground Strip Width on the Line Parameters......Page 88
2.2.8 The Influence of the Shielding on the Line Parameters......Page 89
2.2.9 Special Forms of Coplanar Waveguides......Page 90
2.2.10 Coplanar-like Waveguides......Page 94
2.2.11 Coupled Coplanar Waveguide Structures......Page 103
2.2.11.1 Analysis of the Characteristic Parameter Matrices......Page 104
2.2.11.2 Determination of the Scattering Matrix of Coupled Coplanar Waveguides......Page 106
2.3.1 Analysis of a Generalized Coplanar Waveguide with Supporting Substrate Layers......Page 109
2.3.1.1 Structure SCPW1......Page 112
2.3.1.4 Numerical Results......Page 114
2.3.2 Static Formulas for Calculating the Parameters of General Broadside-Coupled Coplanar Waveguides......Page 123
2.3.2.1 Analytical Formulas and Results for the General Broadside-Coupled Coplanar Waveguide......Page 124
2.3.2.2 Analysis of an Asymmetric Supported BSC-CPW......Page 129
2.3.2.3 Application of the GBSC-CPW as Single CPW......Page 131
2.3.2.4 Criteria for the Coplanar Behavior of the Structure......Page 132
Bibliography and References......Page 134
3.1 The Three-Dimensional Finite Difference Analysis......Page 159
3.2 Computation of the Electric Field Strength......Page 161
3.3 Computation of the Magnetic Field Strength......Page 164
3.3.1 Convergence and Error Discussion for the Analysis Technique......Page 166
3.4 Coplanar Waveguide Discontinuities......Page 168
3.4.1 Modeling the Discontinuities......Page 170
3.4.2 Extraction of the Model Parameters......Page 171
3.5 Description of Coplanar Waveguide Discontinuities......Page 175
3.5.1 The Coplanar Open End......Page 176
3.5.2 The Coplanar Waveguide Short-Circuited End......Page 181
3.5.3 The Gap in a Coplanar Waveguide......Page 183
3.5.4 The Coplanar Waveguide Step......Page 189
3.5.5 Air Bridges in Coplanar Waveguides......Page 197
3.5.6 The Coplanar Waveguide Bend......Page 206
3.5.7 The Coplanar Waveguide T-Junction......Page 216
3.5.7.1 Analysis of the Odd-Mode Excitation......Page 235
3.5.8 The Coplanar T-Junction as a Mode Converter......Page 239
3.5.9 The Coplanar Waveguide Crossing......Page 248
Bibliography and References......Page 255
4.1 Introduction......Page 263
4.2.1 The Lumped Element Modeling Approach......Page 264
4.2.2 Enhancement of the Interdigital Capacitor Model for Application at Millimeter-Wave Frequencies......Page 283
4.3 The Coplanar Metal–Insulator–Metal (MIM) Capacitor......Page 286
4.4 The Coplanar Spiral Inductor......Page 290
4.4.1 Enhancement of the Inductor Model for Millimeter-Wave Frequencies......Page 304
4.4.2 Coupled Coplanar Rectangular Inductors......Page 305
4.5 The Coplanar Rectangular Spiral Transformer......Page 309
4.6 The Coplanar Thin-Film Resistor......Page 317
Bibliography and References......Page 318
5.1 Introduction......Page 323
5.2 Modeling, Convergence, and Accuracy......Page 326
5.3 Overview on Coplan for ADS™......Page 329
5.3.1 Data Items......Page 331
5.3.2 Library Elements......Page 333
5.5 Layout......Page 335
5.6.1 Overview......Page 336
5.6.2 Description of the Data Items......Page 338
5.6.2.1 Coplanar Substrate Data Definition C_SUB......Page 339
5.6.2.2 Coplanar Line-Type Data Definition C_LINTYP......Page 341
5.6.2.3 Coplanar Coupled Lines Data Definition C_NL_TYP......Page 342
5.6.2.4 Coplanar Bridge-Type Data Definition C_AIRTYP......Page 345
5.6.2.5 Coplanar Grid Data Definition C_GRID......Page 347
5.6.2.6 Process (Foundry) Used for Fabrication C_PROCES......Page 349
5.6.2.7 Technological Data Definition (Default Foundry) C_TECH......Page 350
5.6.2.8 Layer Data Definition (Default Foundry) C_LAYER......Page 352
5.7 The Coplanar Components and Their Models......Page 353
5.7.1 Coplanar Waveguide RF-Port C_PORT......Page 357
5.7.2 Coplanar Transmission Line C_LIN......Page 358
5.7.3 Coplanar Inter-Metal via (No Step) Connection C_METIA......Page 360
5.7.4 Coplanar Resistively Loaded Transmission Line C_TFG......Page 361
5.7.5 Coplanar MIM-Capacitor to Ground C_CAPLIN......Page 363
5.7.6 Coplanar Open-Ended Transmission Line C_OPEN......Page 365
5.7.7 Coplanar Short-Circuited Transmission Line C_SHORT......Page 367
5.7.8 Gap in a Coplanar Transmission Line C_GAP......Page 368
5.7.9 Step in a Coplanar Transmission Line C_STEP......Page 370
5.7.10 Coplanar Waveguide Taper C_TAPER......Page 371
5.7.11 Coplanar Air Bridges C_AIR......Page 373
5.7.12 Bend in a Coplanar Transmission Line C_BEND......Page 375
5.7.13 T-Junction in Coplanar Transmission Lines C_TEE......Page 377
5.7.14 Crossing of Coplanar Transmission Lines C_CROSS......Page 379
5.7.15 Coplanar Interdigital Capacitor C_IDC......Page 381
5.7.16 Coplanar Rectangular Inductor C_RIND......Page 382
5.7.17 Coplanar Thin-Film Resistor C_TFR......Page 384
5.7.18 Coplanar Metal–Insulator–Metal Capacitor C_MIM......Page 386
Bibliography......Page 387
6.1.1 The Coplanar Spiral Inductor as a Filter......Page 391
6.1.2 Design and Realization......Page 393
6.1.3 Results......Page 395
6.1.4 Phase-Shifting Filter Circuits......Page 400
6.2 Coplanar Passive Lumped-Element Band-Pass Filters......Page 402
6.2.1 Theoretical Background......Page 403
6.2.2 Properties of the Coplanar Hybrid Band-Pass Filters......Page 404
6.3 Special Coplanar Waveguide Filters......Page 406
6.3.1.1 The Hybrid Band-Reject Filter......Page 408
6.3.1.2 The Monolithic Band-Reject Filter......Page 409
6.3.2 Coplanar Millimeter-Wave Filters......Page 412
6.4 Coplanar Edge-Coupled Line Structures......Page 418
6.4.1 Verification of Coupling Between Coupled Coplanar Waveguides......Page 419
6.4.2 End-Coupled Coplanar Line Structures......Page 423
6.4.3 Coplanar Waveguide End-Coupled to an Orthogonal Coplanar Waveguide......Page 425
6.5.1 Interdigital Filter Design......Page 428
6.5.2 Coplanar Waveguide Couplers......Page 434
6.6 Coplanar MMIC Wilkinson Couplers......Page 440
6.6.2 Wilkinson Couplers with Discrete Elements......Page 441
6.6.3 MMIC Applicable Wilkinson Couplers with Coplanar Lumped Elements......Page 443
6.6.4 Wilkinson Coupler in Coplanar Waveguide Technique for Millimeter-Wave Frequencies......Page 445
Bibliography and References......Page 448
7.1 Introduction......Page 453
7.1.1 The Effect of the Shielding on Modeling......Page 454
7.1.2 The Waveguide Properties......Page 455
7.2.1.1 Power Dividers and Combiners......Page 458
7.2.1.2 Fundamental Coplanar Switch Circuits......Page 460
7.2.1.3 Results and Measurements......Page 461
7.2.1.4 Device Scaling......Page 464
7.2.1.5 Design and Realization of Coplanar RF Switches......Page 467
7.3.1 Introduction......Page 471
7.3.2 The Coplanar Active Inductor......Page 472
7.3.4 The Fixed Center Frequency Second-Order Active Filter......Page 474
7.3.5 The Coplanar Active Tunable Filter......Page 477
7.4.1.1 Introduction......Page 485
7.4.1.2 Circuit Design and Technological Aspects......Page 486
7.4.1.3 Results and Comparison with Measurements......Page 489
7.4.2.1 Introduction......Page 491
7.4.2.2 MMIC Design and Results......Page 492
7.4.3.1 Modeling the Transistor and Its Noise Properties......Page 495
7.4.3.3 Simulation Results......Page 498
7.4.3.4 Measurement Results......Page 499
7.4.4.2 MMIC Design and Results......Page 502
7.5 Coplanar Electronic Circulators......Page 505
7.6.1.2 The Balanced (Push–Push) FET Frequency Doubler......Page 509
7.6.2 Realization of Coplanar Frequency Doublers......Page 511
7.6.2.1 The Coplanar Balanced Hybrid MIC Frequency Doubler......Page 512
7.6.2.2 The Coplanar Balanced Monolithic MIC Frequency Doubler......Page 514
7.6.3 A Coplanar Times Five Frequency Multiplier......Page 518
7.7.1 Coplanar Microwave Oscillators......Page 522
7.7.2 A 5-GHz Coplanar Voltage-Controlled Oscillator......Page 528
Bibliography and References......Page 532
Index......Page 551