Convergence of Internet of Things and Blockchain Technologies (EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing)

✍ Scribed by H L Gururaj (editor), V Ravi Kumar (editor), Sam Goundar (editor), Ahmed A Elngar (editor), B H Swathi (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 255
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book presents chapters from diverse range of authors on different aspects of how Blockchain and IoT are converging and the impacts of these developments. The book provides an extensive cross-sectional and multi-disciplinary look into this trend and how it affects artificial intelligence, cyber-physical systems, and robotics with a look at applications in aerospace, agriculture, automotive, critical infrastructures, healthcare, manufacturing, retail, smart transport systems, smart cities, and smart healthcare. Cases include the impact of Blockchain for IoT Security; decentralized access control systems in IoT; Blockchain architecture for scalable access management in IoT; smart and sustainable IoT applications incorporating Blockchain, and more. The book presents contributions from international academics, researchers, and practitioners from diverse perspectives.

• Presents how Blockchain and IoT are converging and the impacts of these developments on technology and its application;
• Discusses IoT and Blockchain from cross-sectional and multi-disciplinary perspectives;
• Includes contributions from researchers, academics, and professionals from around the world.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
Part I: The Convergence of Internet of Things and Blockchain Technologies
Chapter 1: Blockchain: A New Era of Technology
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 What Is Blockchain and How It Works?
1.1.2 Basic Framework of Blockchain
1.2 Types of Blockchain with Its Structure
1.3 Smart Contracts and Its Benefits
1.4 Centralized and Decentralized Networks
1.5 Blockchain Challenges
1.6 History of Blockchain
1.7 Comparison of Blockchain with Notebook
1.8 Future of Blockchain in Industrial Applications
1.8.1 Telecommunication
1.8.2 Healthcare
1.9 Case Studies of Blockchain
1.9.1 Judicial System of India with Its Issue and Blockchain Solutions
1.10 Maintenance of Land Records Using Blockchain
1.10.1 Current Scenarios
1.10.2 Blockchain Solutions
1.11 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2: Blockchain Applications that are Transforming the Society
2.1 Introduction to Blockchain Technology
2.1.1 Blockchain Advantages
2.1.2 Blockchain Disadvantages
2.2 About IOT and IOT Devices
2.2.1 Challenges and Constraints
2.2.2 Standards Related to IOT
2.2.3 Future of IOT
2.3 Present Technological Challenges Faced by Society
2.4 Applications of Blockchain Technologies in Cryptocurrencies and in IOT
2.5 Other Application Areas of Blockchain Technology Which Transforms Society
2.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: Blockchain-Enabled IoT Integrated Autonomous Sewage Management System
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Blockchain Technology
3.1.2 Architecture of IoT
3.1.2.1 The First Stage: Things that Are Networked (Wireless Sensors and Actuators)
3.1.2.2 The Second Stage: Aggregation Networks of Sensor Data and Transfer of Analog to Digital Data
3.1.2.3 The Third Stage: Edge IT Applications Presence
3.1.2.4 The Fourth Stage: Data Processing, Administration, and Storage
3.1.2.5 IoT Architecture Stage 5?
3.2 IoT Applications
3.2.1 In Sectors IoT
3.2.2 IoT in Personal Medical Devices
3.3 Review of Literature
3.4 Proposed System
3.4.1 System Design
3.4.1.1 Arduino Uno
3.4.1.2 Gas Sensor
3.4.1.3 DH8
3.4.1.4 Chemical Sensor
3.4.1.5 Buzzer
3.4.1.6 LCD Display
3.5 Implementation
3.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: e-Reside: A Case Study on Blockchain for IoT in Home Automation Using Raspberry Pi
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Blockchain in IoT
4.1.2 Raspberry Pi and Its Usage
4.2 Home Automation
4.3 Related Work
4.4 Case Study Implementation
4.4.1 Implementation Requirements
4.4.2 Architectural Design
4.4.3 Implementation Procedure of Study
4.5 Evaluation and Results
4.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 5: Blockchain-Based Fog Computing Model (BFCM) for IoT Smart Cities
5.1 Introduction
5.2 IoT Technologies in Smart Cities
5.3 Fog Computing for Smart Cities
5.4 Blockchain-Based Fog Computing Model (BFCM)
5.4.1 Blockchain: A Study
5.4.2 Structure of Blockchain
5.4.3 Blockchain and IoT Technology
5.4.4 Challenges in Blockchain-Based IoT
5.5 BFCM-Based Smart City Architecture
5.5.1 Blockchain IoT Applications and Platforms
5.5.2 Challenges and Security Features for Device Management in BFCM
5.5.3 Privacy-Conserving Blockchain and Fog Computing
5.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 6: Role of Blockchain in Agriculture and Food Sector: A Summary
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Needs for Blockchain in Agriculture in India
6.3 Challenges of Agriculture Sector
6.4 Applications of Blockchain for Agriculture and Food Sector
6.4.1 Crop and Yield Insurance for Farmers
6.4.2 Smart Agriculture
6.5 Benefits of Blockchain in Agriculture Applications
6.6 Use Cases of Blockchain Platform
6.6.1 Tracing of Food Products
6.6.2 Optimizing Agricultural Subsidies and Insurance
6.6.3 Yielding Maximum Crop Productivity
6.6.4 Encouragement for Small Farmers
6.7 Blockchain Food and Agriculture Companies
6.7.1 Indian-Based Blockchain
6.7.2 Blockchain-Based Agriota E-Marketplace Platform Connects Indian Farmers to Food Industry of the UAE
6.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7: PalCom Middleware-Based Blockchain Challenges on Healthcare System
7.1 Introduction to Blockchain
7.1.1 Internet of Things (IoT)
7.1.2 PalCom Middleware
7.2 e-Health Abstraction
7.3 Healthcare for Home Patient Monitoring System
7.4 Architecture of Blockchain-Based Healthcare System
7.5 Implementation
7.6 Security and Drawback of Home Monitoring System Using Blockchain
7.6.1 Challenges
7.7 Solution Toward Security Issues of Home Monitoring System Using Blockchain
7.7.1 Hash Storage
7.7.2 Distributed Network
7.7.3 Healthcare Service Providers
7.7.4 Smart Agreements
7.7.5 PalCom Middleware
7.7.6 Handheld Devices
7.8 Future Work
7.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8: Blockchain Enterprise: Use Cases on Multiple Industries
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Use Cases in Insurance
8.3 Use Cases in Agriculture
8.3.1 Crop and Food Production
8.3.2 Food Supply Chain Tracking
8.3.3 Blockchain-Enabled Weather Control Process in Agriculture
8.4 Blockchain Applications in the Financial Services Sector
8.5 Blockchain Application Initiatives in India
8.5.1 Initiatives by NITI Aayog and IndiaChain Proof of Concept (PoC) Use Cases
8.5.2 Fertilizer Subsidy Pilot Undertaken by NITI Aayog
8.5.3 Blockchain Use Case Application for Handling Fishery Supply Chain
8.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9: Application of Blockchain Technology for 7/12 Asset Tracking System
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Proposed System
9.2.1 Arduino Uno (Atmega) Microcontroller
9.2.2 16×2 LCD Display
9.2.3 Fingerprint Sensor
9.2.4 4×4 Matrix Keypad
9.2.5 Working Principle
9.3 Results
9.3.1 Algorithm and Flowchart
9.3.2 Software Used
9.3.3 Circuit Diagram and PCB Layout of the Proposed System
9.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 10: Blockchain Technology for Property Sales and Registration
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Literature Survey
10.3 Methodology
10.4 Overview
10.4.1 Decentralized Application
10.4.2 Smart Contracts
10.4.3 Wallets
10.4.4 Accounts
10.4.5 Byte Code
10.4.6 Truffle
10.5 Practical Approach
10.5.1 dApps Smart Contracts
10.5.2 Comparative Analysis
10.5.3 Deployment
10.5.4 Front End
10.5.5 Overall Working
10.6 Experimental Results and Discussion
10.6.1 Involvement of Cryptocurrency
10.6.2 Is it Secure?
10.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 11: An Exhaustive Survey of Blockchain Applications with the Internet of Things (IoT) to Combat COVID-19 Spread
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Healthcare Application
11.3 Blockchain with IoT for Banking
11.3.1 Working of Blockchain in Banking
11.3.2 Areas in Banking Where Blockchain Is Used
11.3.2.1 Quick Remittance
11.3.2.2 Drying and Seating Methods
11.3.2.3 Trading of Goods
11.3.2.4 Making Money
11.3.2.5 Debts and Credit
11.3.2.6 Blockchain in Education
11.3.2.7 Working of Blockchain in Education Domain
11.3.3 Opportunities for Blockchain Along with IoT in Educational Systems
11.3.3.1 Building Trust Between Groups
11.3.3.2 Low Cost
11.3.3.3 Reduce Time
11.3.3.4 Functions of the Institute of Education
11.3.4 Challenges
11.3.4.1 Usability
11.3.4.2 Energy Conservation
11.3.4.3 Incompetence
11.3.4.4 Locating or Meeting
11.4 Application of IoT in Supply Chain Management
11.4.1 Applications of Blockchain
11.4.2 Impact of COVID-19 on Procurement Decisions
11.4.3 Challenges to Providing Demands During the COVID-19
11.4.3.1 Technical Challenge in the COVID-19 Era
11.4.3.2 Creating an Elastic Value Chain
11.4.3.3 Sustainable Procurement Challenges
11.4.4 How to Overcome COVID Purchasing Challenges
11.5 Application of IoT in Government
11.5.1 Impact on the Public Sector Due to COVID-19
11.5.2 Category Result Restaurant Service
11.5.2.1 Food and Farming
11.5.3 Main Challenge of Test 19 Levels of Government
11.5.4 How the IoT Overcomes the Challenges of the COVID-19 Epidemic
11.5.5 Improving Touch Tracking
11.5.6 E-Government
11.5.7 Challenges to Connecting Citizens to Cities
11.5.8 Blockchain and Elegant City
11.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 12: Role of Blockchain in Tackling and Boosting the Supply Chain Management Economy Post COVID-19
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Blockchain Technology
12.2.1 Mathematical Model
12.2.1.1 Hash Function
12.2.1.2 Merkle Tree
12.2.2 Blockchain Supply Chain Management of Healthcare and Food
12.2.2.1 Use Cases of Blockchain
12.2.2.2 Hashlog
12.2.2.3 VeChain
12.2.2.4 HyperChain
12.2.2.5 PHBC
12.2.2.6 Blockchain Deployment Toolkit
12.2.3 Impact of COVID-19 Effect on Supply Chain
12.2.4 IoT Blockchain Platform Nodle Launches Coalition
12.2.5 Emerging Blockchain Pilots Post COVID-19 [18, 21]
12.3 Conclusion
References
Chapter 13: Beyond the Bitcoin: Analysis of Challenges to Implement Blockchain in the Jordanian Public Sector
13.1 Introduction
13.2 The Challenges of Applying Blockchain Technology to the eGovernment System
13.3 Blockchain in Government
13.4 Acceptance and Adoption of New ICT: Theories and Models
13.5 Research Methodology
13.6 Data Analysis and Findings
13.6.1 Overview of the Online Questionnaire
13.6.2 Demographics Statistics
13.6.3 Challenges of Applying Blockchain Technology in the eGovernment Context: Interpretation of the Research Question
13.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 14: Blockchain-Based Secure Method for Tiger Detection Using Machine Learning
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Related Work
14.3 Implementation
14.3.1 Stage 1: Acquiring Images
14.3.2 Stage 2: Loading the Information into the Organization
14.3.2.1 YOLO
14.3.3 Stage 3: Training the Model
14.3.3.1 The Misfortune Work Involves Classification Misfortune
14.3.3.2 Localizations
14.3.3.3 Confidence Misfortune
14.3.4 Stage 4: Detection of Tiger
14.3.5 Stage 5: Pattern Matching
14.3.5.1 Scale-Invariant Feature Transform
14.3.5.2 Scale-Space Top Selection
14.3.5.3 Keypoint Localization
14.3.5.4 Direction Assignment
14.3.5.5 Keypoint Descriptor
14.3.5.6 Central Issue Matching
14.4 Results
14.4.1 Camera Traps and Data Collection
14.4.2 Annotation
14.4.3 Object Detection
14.4.4 IFT Algorithm
14.5 Providing Security by Using Blockchain
14.5.1 Creating Blockchain Using Python, Mining New Block, and Displaying the Whole Blockchain
14.5.2 Usage Aspects of Blockchain for Wildlife Protection
14.5.3 Generation of Hash Values Using Blockchain Implementation
14.6 IoT-Enabled Blockchain for Secured Scenarios
14.7 Conclusion
References
Index