Control Theory Applications for Dynamic Production Systems
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
1.1 Control System Engineering Software
2 Continuous-Time and Discrete-Time Modeling of Production Systems
2.1 Continuous-Time Models of Components of Production Systems
2.2 Discrete-Time Models of Components of Production Systems
2.3 Delay
2.4 Model Linearization
2.4.1 Linearization Using Taylor Series Expansion β One Independent Variable
2.4.2 Linearization Using Taylor Series Expansion β Multiple Independent Variables
2.4.3 Piecewise Approximation
2.5 Summary
3 Transfer Functions and Block Diagrams
3.1 Laplace Transform
3.2 Properties of the Laplace Transform
3.2.1 Laplace Transform of a Function of Time Multiplied by a Constant
3.2.2 Laplace Transform of the Sum of Two Functions of Time
3.2.3 Laplace Transform of the First Derivative of a Function of Time
3.2.4 Laplace Transform of Higher Derivatives of a Function of Time Function
3.2.5 Laplace Transform of Function with Time Delay
3.3 Continuous-Time Transfer Functions
3.4 Z Transform
3.5 Properties of the Z Transform
3.5.1 Z Transform of a Sequence Multiplied by a Constant
3.5.2 Z Transform of the Sum of Two Sequences
3.5.3 Z Transform of Time Delay
3.5.4 Z Transform of a Difference Equation
3.6 Discrete-Time Transfer Functions
3.7 Block Diagrams
3.8 Transfer Function Algebra
3.8.1 Series Relationships
3.8.2 Parallel Relationships
3.8.3 Closed-Loop Relationships
3.8.4 Transfer Functions of Production Systems with MultipleInputs and Outputs
3.8.5 Matrices of Transfer Functions
3.8.6 Factors of Transfer Function Numerator and Denominator
3.8.7 Canceling Common Factors in a Transfer Function
3.8.8 PadΓ© Approximation of Continuous-Time Delay
3.8.9 Absorption of Discrete Time Delay
3.9 Production Systems with Continuous-Time and Discrete-Time Components
3.9.1 Transfer Function of a Zero-Order Hold (ZOH)
3.9.2 Discrete-Time Transfer Function Representing Continuous-Time Components Preceded by a Hold and Followed by a Sampler
3.10 Potential Problems in Numerical Computations Using Transfer Functions
3.11 Summary
4 Fundamental Dynamic Characteristics and Time Response
4.1 Obtaining Fundamental Dynamic Characteristics from Transfer Functions
4.1.1 Characteristic Equation
4.1.2 Fundamental Continuous-Time Dynamic Characteristics
4.1.3 Continuous-Time Stability Criterion
4.1.4 Fundamental Discrete-Time Dynamic Characteristics
4.1.5 Discrete-Time Stability Criterion
4.2 Characteristics of Time Response
4.2.1 Calculation of Time Response
4.2.2 Step Response Characteristics
4.3 Summary
5 Frequency Response
5.1 Frequency Response of Continuous-Time Systems
5.1.1 Frequency Response of Integrating Continuous-Time Production Systems or Components
5.1.2 Frequency Response of 1st-order Continuous-Time Production Systems or Components
5.1.3 Frequency Response of 2nd-order Continuous-Time Production Systems or Components
5.1.4 Frequency Response of Delay in Continuous-Time Production Systems or Components
5.2 Frequency Response of Discrete-Time Systems
5.2.1 Frequency Response of Discrete-Time Integrating Production Systems or Components
5.2.2 Frequency Response of Discrete-Time 1st-Order Production Systems or Components
5.2.3 Aliasing Errors
5.3 Frequency Response Characteristics
5.3.1 Zero-Frequency Magnitude (DC Gain) and Bandwidth
5.3.2 Magnitude (Gain) Margin and Phase Margin
5.4 Summary
6 Design of Decision-Making for Closed-Loop Production Systems
6.1 Basic Types of Continuous-Time Control
6.1.1 Continuous-Time Proportional Control
6.1.2 Continuous-Time Proportional Plus Derivative Control
6.1.3 Continuous-Time Integral Control
6.1.4 Continuous-Time Proportional Plus Integral Control
6.2 Basic Types of Discrete-Time Control
6.2.1 Discrete-Time Proportional Control
6.2.2 Discrete-Time Proportional Plus Derivative Control
6.2.3 Discrete-Time Integral Control
6.2.4 Discrete-Time Proportional Plus Integral Control
6.3 Control Design Using Time Response
6.4 Direct Design of Decision-Making
6.4.1 Model Simplification by Eliminating Small Time Constants and Delays
6.5 Design Using Frequency Response
6.5.1 Using the Frequency Response Guidelines to Design Decision-Making
6.6 Closed-Loop Decision-Making Topologies
6.6.1 PID Control
6.6.2 Decision-Making Components in the Feedback Path
6.6.3 Cascade Control
6.6.4 Feedforward Control
6.6.5 Circumventing Time Delay Using a Smith Predictor Topology
6.7 Sensitivity to Parameter Variations
6.8 Summary
7 Application Examples
7.1 Potential Impact of Digitalization on Improving Recovery Time in Replanning by Reducing Delays
7.2 Adjustment of Steel Coil Deliveries in a Production Network with Inventory Information Sharing
7.3 Effect of Order Flow Information Sharing on the Dynamic Behavior of a Production Network
7.4 Adjustment of Cross-Trained and Permanent Worker Capacity
7.5 Closed-Loop, Multi-Rate Production System with Different Adjustment Periods for WIP and Backlog Regulation
7.6 Summary
References
Bibliography
Index
EULA