Contrastive Studies in Morphology and Syntax

✍ Scribed by Michalis Georgiafentis; Giannoula Giannoulopoulou; Maria Koliopoulou; Angeliki Tsokoglou

• Publisher: Bloomsbury Academic
• Year: 2020
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 309
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Using different theoretical approaches and frameworks, this book addresses a broad range of themes in contrastive linguistics, including inflection, derivation and compounding, tense, wh-questions, post-verbal subjects, focus, and clitics, among others. Looking at English, German, Spanish, Slavic languages and South Pacific languages, the book highlights the significance of the contrastive perspective for language-specific description and general interface issues, casting light on contrasts between languages at the levels of morphology and syntax. Each chapter compares two or more languages and makes a valuable contribution to our understanding of language typology and language universals.

✦ Table of Contents

Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Part 1: Theoretical issues in contrastive linguistics
Chapter 1: Heuristic dimensions of contrastive linguistics
1 Introduction
2 Heuristic levels
3 Conclusion
Chapter 2: English as a bridge: An L3-approach to contrastive linguistics
1 Introduction
2 The typological turn
3 English as a bridge language
4 Conclusion
Chapter 3: ‘Verb-first’ in proverbs and slogans: A German-based contrastive view
1 Introduction
2 The V1-conditional as a paremiological template
3 Comparison with English
4 Constructional specification
5 Modifications
6 Association with proverbiality
7 Conclusions and directions for future research
Abbreviations
References
Part 2: Morphology
Chapter 4: Gender marking in English and Polish job titles: Referring to female physicians
1 Introduction
2 Notional versus grammatical gender; avoidance and non-avoidance of sexist language
3 Suffixal female names of physicians in English and Polish
4 NN combinations with gender-specific words
5 Double gender marking in Polish and mixed forms
6 Conclusions
Notes
Corpora
Dictionaries
Chapter 5: Congruence and equivalence in adjective-forming suffixation in Spanish and English: A contrastive study
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Models of adjective-forming suffixes in English
4 Models of adjective-forming suffixes in Spanish
5 Contrastive Analysis
6 Conclusions
Chapter 6: Linking elements in German compounds: A morphological analysis in comparison with Greek
1 Introduction
2 Linking elements in German and Greek nominal compounds
3 Function of the linking element
4 Synopsis and conclusions
Chapter 7: Compounding in Albanian as a case of ‘structural blending’: Evidence from the contrastive analysis of Greek and Albanian
1 Aim of the chapter1
2 Methodology
3 Parameters of proximity and differentiation
4 Albanian versus Greek compounding: how similar or how different?
5 Language contact?
6 Conclusions
Chapter 8: Past tense usages in tense-rich and tenseless languages: A contrastive study
1 Introduction
2 General remarks on the past tense
3 Data: A contrastive study
4 Discussion
5 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Part 3: Syntax
Chapter 9: A contrastive analysis of interrogative constructions in Romance: Microvariation and theory
1 Introduction: Interrogative clauses, stable and variable properties
2 Wh-questions in Romance
3 Wh-structures ambiguity: Free relatives
4 Some conclusions on the importance of micro-contrastive analysis
Chapter 10: Wh-questions at the syntax-discourse interface: German–Swedish contrasts
1 Introduction
2 Definition of questions
3 Focus in questions
4 Focus and its complementary notion in questions
5 The categorization of wh-questions
6 Different types of wh-questions – from a contrastive perspective
7 Language-specific differences – empirical evidence
8 Conclusion
Chapter 11: Focus types: A crosslinguistic study of clause and information structure
1 Introduction
2 Information structure – focus: Types and mechanisms of its realization
3 Characteristics of the languages under investigation
4 Mechanisms of realization of information and contrastive focus in English, German, Spanish, Italian and Greek
5 Comparative remarks
6 Conclusion
Chapter 12: Strong pronouns as postverbal subjects in Spanish and Italian
1 Preliminaries
2 Three sets of data
3 Strong pronouns and information-structure articulation
4 Conclusions
Chapter 13: Cliticization patterns in Greek: A comparative examination with crosslinguistic remarks
1 Introduction
2 The non-2P system
3 The 2P system
4 Relating the two systems: The proposed analysis
5 Prosodic reanalysis and the transition from 2P to non-2P
6 Conclusions
Notes
Abbreviations
Sources
References
Chapter 14: Towards a formal model of transfer under contact: Contrasting Asia Minor Greek to mainland Greek and Turkish in search of syntactic borrowings
1 Introduction
2 A contrastive analysis of multiple wh-questions
3 N-finality in Asia Minor
4 Towards a model of syntactic borrowing: some foundational principles and conclusions
Notes
Abbreviations
Chapter 15: Goal prevalence and situation types: An empirical analysis of differences in Greek and German motion event descriptions
1 Introduction
2 Goal prominence and the lexicalization pattern
3 The empirical study: The old design
4 The empirical study: A new analysis
4.1 Results
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Index of subjects
Index of languages