Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 2
Copyright Page......Page 3
Brief Contents......Page 6
Contents......Page 8
Acknowledgement......Page 16
Preface......Page 18
Table of cases......Page 20
Table of statutes......Page 43
Table of statutory instruments......Page 52
Table of treaties and conventions......Page 53
Part 1 Fundamental principles......Page 56
What is a constitution?......Page 58
The cultural dimension......Page 59
The terminology of constitutional and administrative law......Page 60
The geography of the constitution......Page 66
Further reading......Page 69
The unwritten constitution......Page 70
Flexibility......Page 74
Unitary......Page 75
Constitutional monarchy......Page 86
Representative democracy......Page 90
Responsible government......Page 94
The separation of powers......Page 95
The rule of law......Page 103
The European Convention on Human Rights......Page 109
Further reading......Page 110
Introduction......Page 111
Legislation......Page 112
Judicial decisions......Page 113
Constitutional conventions......Page 115
European Union law......Page 123
Summary......Page 124
Further reading......Page 125
Part 2 Parliament and the European Union......Page 126
Introduction......Page 128
Origins and development......Page 129
Institutions of law and government......Page 134
Sources of EU law......Page 146
Further reading......Page 156
Introduction......Page 157
Application......Page 159
Possible legal limitations......Page 167
Political restraints......Page 174
The relationship between EU law and Acts of Parliament......Page 176
Sovereignty and the Rule of Law: a new hypothesis of constitutionalism......Page 178
Further reading......Page 182
Part 3 The composition and workings of Parliament......Page 184
Introduction......Page 186
Qualifications......Page 187
Casting the vote......Page 192
Special categories of voters......Page 193
Further reading......Page 195
Disqualifications......Page 196
Effects of disqualification......Page 199
Role and functions of MPs......Page 200
The relationship between MP and party......Page 201
The Recall of MPs Act 2015......Page 203
Gender, ethnicity, background, and related matters......Page 204
Further reading......Page 205
Introduction......Page 206
Legislation......Page 207
Scrutiny of executive action......Page 231
Scottish and Welsh affairs at Westminster......Page 242
Financial proceedings......Page 243
Other functions of the House of Commons......Page 249
Further reading......Page 251
Origins and composition......Page 252
Types of peers......Page 254
Disclaimer and disqualifications......Page 256
Attendance......Page 257
Powers......Page 258
Functions......Page 259
Proposals for reform......Page 266
Further reading......Page 279
Nature and sources......Page 280
Freedom of speech......Page 281
Freedom from arrest......Page 289
Right of the House to regulate its internal proceedings......Page 291
Right of the House to punish for breach of privilege and contempt of Parliament......Page 293
Parliamentary privilege and the European Convention of Human Rights......Page 301
Further reading......Page 303
Part 4 The Executive......Page 304
Introduction......Page 306
Recent Prime Ministers......Page 308
Choosing a Prime Minister......Page 310
The powers of the Prime Minister......Page 313
Factors contributing to the power of the Prime Minister......Page 315
Limits on Prime Ministerial power......Page 318
The Cabinet......Page 323
The Ministerial Code of conduct......Page 327
Further reading......Page 329
Nature and significance......Page 330
History......Page 333
Principal remaining prerogatives......Page 335
The prerogative and statute......Page 342
The prerogative and the courts......Page 343
Further reading......Page 349
Introduction: the Crown......Page 350
Public authorities generally......Page 360
Negligence and statutory powers......Page 363
Remedies......Page 378
Crown privilege and public interest immunity......Page 379
From Crown privilege to public interest immunity......Page 385
Public interest immunity and criminal proceedings......Page 386
Public interest immunity and national security......Page 389
Further reading......Page 390
Part 5 Judicial supervision of executive power......Page 392
The nature of judicial review......Page 394
Judicial review and constitutional fundamentals......Page 395
Power and jurisdiction......Page 396
Review and appeal contrasted......Page 398
Grounds for judicial review......Page 399
Illegality......Page 400
Jurisdictional control......Page 401
Control of discretion......Page 406
Irrationality......Page 417
Proportionality......Page 418
Procedural impropriety......Page 422
References......Page 439
Further reading......Page 440
The procedure......Page 441
Remedies......Page 445
Relator proceedings......Page 450
Exclusion of judicial review and ouster clauses......Page 451
Subjectively worded powers......Page 454
Alternative remedies......Page 455
Justiciability......Page 456
Exclusivity......Page 460
The rule in OβReilly v Mackman......Page 461
Judicial review and contractual powers......Page 462
Judicial review beyond statutory or prerogative powers......Page 463
Further reading......Page 465
Part 6 Human rights......Page 466
Introduction......Page 468
Formulation......Page 469
The European Court of Human Rights......Page 473
General principles of European human rights law......Page 475
The rights protected by the Convention......Page 481
Further reading......Page 552
Freedom versus rights......Page 553
Objectives of the 1998 Act......Page 555
Principal provisions......Page 556
Extra-territorial effect......Page 565
Human rights and judicial review......Page 566
Application of the Human Rights Act......Page 568
Derogation from the Human Rights Act......Page 598
Further reading......Page 599
Personal freedom......Page 600
Stop and search......Page 601
Arrest......Page 606
Detention and questioning......Page 615
Interviewing suspects......Page 617
Inadmissible evidence......Page 622
Entry, search and seizure......Page 624
Surveillance......Page 632
Remedies for police malpractice......Page 644
Police Community Support Officers......Page 646
Further reading......Page 647
Introduction: the freedoms defined......Page 648
Statutory restrictions and marches and assemblies......Page 649
Common law preventative powers......Page 657
Statutory public order offences......Page 662
Other relevant statutory offences......Page 666
Summary......Page 667
Further reading......Page 668
Introduction......Page 669
Freedom of expression and the mass media......Page 670
Freedom of expression, obscenity and pornography......Page 677
Freedom of expression and the administration of justice......Page 685
Freedom of expression, public order and national security......Page 688
Freedom of information and data protection......Page 696
Freedom of expression, the internet, and the law of tort......Page 701
Freedom of expression, the internet and the criminal law......Page 702
Summary......Page 704
Further reading......Page 705
Emergency powers in general......Page 706
Emergency powers and terrorism......Page 707
Counter-Terrorism and Security Act 2015......Page 725
Emergency powers in peacetime......Page 727
Emergencies and the common law......Page 729
Further reading......Page 730
Part 7 Tribunals, inquiries and complaints procedures......Page 732
Introduction......Page 734
Administrative tribunals......Page 736
Public inquiries......Page 739
The Franks Committee......Page 746
The Council on Tribunals......Page 748
The Leggatt Review......Page 749
A new tribunal system......Page 751
Further reading......Page 755
Background......Page 756
The Parliamentary Commissioner......Page 758
The Health Service Commissioner......Page 765
The Commission for Local Administration......Page 767
The Office of the Independent Adjudicator for Higher Education......Page 769
The Legal Services Ombudsman......Page 770
Further reading......Page 771
Appendix: βBrexitβ......Page 772
Glossary......Page 800
Index......Page 813