Cover
TItle Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Commonly Used Abbreviations
CHAPTER 1 The Many Roads to Conservation
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Principal Threats to Biodiversity
1.3 Why Conserve Nature? Instrumental Values
Box 1.1 The Links between Health and Conservation
Box 1.2 Much More Than Stocks of Wood
1.4 Intrinsic Values
Box 1.3 Ecophilosophies
1.5 The Changing Practice of Conservation: First, Protection
Box 1.4 Man versus Nature: From Hunters to Penitent Butchers
1.6 Then Resource Management
1.7 Leading to Game Management, Multiple Use, and Broader Conservation Goals
Box 1.5 Early Environmentalists in the Colonies
1.8 Conclusion
CHAPTER 2 The Evolution of Policy
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Global Conservation and Protected Areas
Box 2.1 Ancient Royal Forests
2.3 The Limits and Legacies of Protectionism
Box 2.2 Reserves: Their Comings and Goings in Peninsular Malaysia
Box 2.3 Coercive Conservation: Tigers, Lions, Carrots, and Sticks
2.4 Conservation “with a Human Face”
Box 2.4 The Evolution of Biosphere Reserves
Box 2.5 Sustainability—Mere Hopes about the Future
Box 2.6 The Ivory Wars: Debates over Utilization
2.5 The Rise of Community-Based Conservation
Box 2.7 Integrated Conservation and Developmentin Action: Annapurna
2.6 Imperiled Parks
2.7 Conclusion
CHAPTER 3 The Natural Science behind it All
3.1 Introduction
3.2 From Natural History Comes Ecology and its Golden Age
Box 3.1 Stability and Equilibrium
Box 3.2 Maximum Sustainable Yield
3.3 Things Get Messy: Disturbance and Disequilibrium
Box 3.3 Stability, Pastoralism, and Opportunism
Box 3.4 Adaptive Management
Box 3.5 Ecological Sustainability: Still a Slippery Term
3.4 A Brave New Science: Conservation Biology
3.5 The Fire-Brigade Discipline Comes of Age
3.6 Conservation Planning
Box 3.6 Prioritizing Conservation Efforts
3.7 Conclusion
CHAPTER 4 Indigenous Peoples as Conservationists
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Cultural and Biological Diversity
Box 4.1 Cultural and Biological Diversity in Central and Southern America
4.3 Guardians of Biodiversity
Box 4.2 Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Adaptive Management
Box 4.3 Sacred Groves
4.4 Ecological Impacts of Traditional Ways of Life
Box 4.4 Rapa Nui (Easter Island) Extinctions
4.5 The Long Shadow of an Ecologically Noble Savage
Box 4.5 Transitions in Ecological Noble Savage Thinking
Box 4.6 The Kayapó Controversy
4.6 Revisiting Cultural and Biological Diversity
4.7 Conclusion
CHAPTER 5 Conservation and Self-Interest
5.1 Introduction
5.2 An Evolutionary Viewpoint
5.3 Design of a Conservation Act
Box 5.1 Prudent Predators?
5.4 An Intention to Conserve
Box 5.2 Family Hunting Territories in Subarctic Canada
5.5 Ecological Outcomes
Box 5.3 Humans as Top Predators
5.6 Conservation—Where, When, and Why?
Box 5.4 Selling the Forest for Instant Returns
5.7 Expanding the Toolkit
Box 5.5 Studying Hunting with Hunters in Paraguay’s Mbaracayú Reserve
5.8 Policy Implications
Box 5.6 Evolutionary Aesthetics and the “Savanna Hypothesis”
5.9 Conclusion
CHAPTER 6 Rational Fools and the Commons
6.1 Introduction
6.2 The Rational Fool Fumbles the Common Good
Box 6.1 Freedom in the Commons Brings Ruin to All
6.3 Commons Classics
Box 6.2 Changes in the Management of the Kenya Orma Commons
6.4 The Cooperation Game
Box 6.3 Experimental Games in Economics
Box 6.4 Asymmetries among Herders: The Barabaig Case
6.5 Culture, Norms, and Cooperation
Box 6.5 Coordinating the Subaks of Bali
6.6 The Study of Common-Property Institutions
6.7 Property Rights, Management, and Sustainable Outcomes
Box 6.6 Reviving Traditions in Sagarmatha National Park
Box 6.7 Social Forestry: Biharand Beyond
6.8 Conclusion
CHAPTER 7 The Bigger Picture
7.1 Introduction
7.2 What is Political Ecology?
Box 7.1 The Hen Has Starting Crowing
7.3 Tropical Forest Destruction and Population Growth
Box 7.2 IPAT
Box 7.3 Leviathan Rules
7.4 Biodiversity and its Human Dimensions
Box 7.4 Forest Islands in Guinea: Are They Man-Made?
Box 7.5 Social Ecology
7.5 Community as a Casualty
Box 7.6 Co-Managementin a Landscape of Resistance: The Case of Alaska’s Yup’ik
7.6 Where’s the Ecology?
7.7 Conclusion
CHAPTER 8 Local People and International Conservation
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Indigenous Movements and Conservationists
Box 8.1 Chipko: Grassroots Environmentalism with a Sting in its Tail
8.3 Room for Alliance, or Cover for Dalliance?
Box 8.2 Environmentalists Find Common Cause with Rainforest Dayak Peoples
Box 8.3 Enforced Primitivism and the “Bushman Problem”
Box 8.4 “Forget about Gola Forest!”
8.4 Bioprospecting or Biopiracy?
Box 8.5 Drug Development and Conservation in West and Central Africa
8.5 Green Consumerism
8.6 Conservation through Self-Determination
Box 8.6 Whatever Happened to PEMASKY?
8.7 The View from the Other Side
8.8 Conclusion
CHAPTER 9 Global Issues, Economics, and Policy
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Ecological Economics and Environmental Valuation
Box 9.1 Does Kenya Profit from Protectionism? Ecological Economic Calculations
9.3 Business—Dancing with the Devil?
Box 9.2 Harnessing the International Market: Innovative Incentive Mechanisms
Box 9.3 The Business of Game Ranching
9.4 Buyinga Nature Reserve
9.5 International Policy Initiatives: Who Pays?
Box 9.4 Debt-for-Nature Swaps
9.6 What Are the Rules?
9.7 Conclusion
CHAPTER 10 From How to Think to How to Act
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Protectionism in the Name of Science
10.3 Protected Area Outreach
Box 10.1 Outreach in Tanzania
10.4 Conservation Education
Box 10.2 The Saint Lucia Parrot’s Comeback
10.5 Ecotourism
Box 10.3 Trouble in Paradise? The Galápagos Archipelago
10.6 Integrated Conservation and Development
Box 10.4 “A Lemur Will Have to Meet You at the Airport”: The ICD Project at Ranomafana
Box 10.5 CAMPFIRE under Fire
10.7 Extractive Reserves
Box 10.6 Extraction and the Maya Biosphere Reserve
10.8 Monitoring and Evaluation
10.9 Conclusion
CHAPTER 11 Red Flags: Still Seeing Things in Black and White?
11.1 Introduction
11.2 No Development without Tears, and Other Debates
Box 11.1 Working for Water in South Africa
11.3 Integrative and Novel Solutions
Community-Based Protected Areas
Box 11.2 Flagging the Várzea in Brazil’s Mamirauá Reserve
Dealing with Commerce
Box 11.3 Even in the Last Place on Earth: Exploitation and Conservation in Nouabalé Ndoki
Direct Payments
Co-management
Box 11.4 Co-management in Australia’s Kakadu National Park
Box 11.5 Fisheries Co-management in the Philippines: The Case of San Salvador
Participation and Capacity-Building
11.4 Spatial Scale and Integrating Conservation and Development
11.5 Means and Ends: The Many Orthogonal Axes of Conservationin Practice
11.6 Conclusion
Bibliography
Index