Computer Performance Evaluation
Preface
Organisation
Table of Contents
Heavy Tails: The Effect of the Service Discipline
Introduction
Model Description and Main Results
Transform Approach
The Single-Class Case
The Multi-class Case
Tail Equivalence via Conditional Moments
Sample-Path Techniques
The Single-Class Case
The Multi-class Case
References
The MΓΆbius State-Level Abstract Functional Interface
Introduction
Requirements
State-Level AFI Definition
Labeled Transition System Definition
Use of Containers and Iterators
State-Level AFI Classes
Evaluation
Example State-Space Implementations
Flat State-Space Object
Kronecker-Based State-Space Object
Performance
Flexible Manufacturing System Example
Courier Protocol Software Example
Conclusions
References
The ProC/B Toolset for the Modelling and Analysis of Process Chains
Introduction
Process Chains
Analysis of Process Chain Models
Simulation
Queueing Network Analysis
Numerical Markov Chain Analysis
Economic Measures
Application Example: Supply Chains
Conclusions
References
MRMSolve: Distribution Estimation of Large Markov Reward Models
Introduction
The General Structure of MRMSolve
Distribution Estimation
Numerical Examples
Carnegie-Mellon Multiprocessor System
Busy Periods in a M/M/1/K System
Serving Rigid, Elastic, and Adaptive Traffic
Buffered Multiprocessor System
Notes on Computational Complexity
Conclusion
References
PhFit: A General Phase-Type Fitting Tool
Introduction
Phase-Type Distributions
Fitting According to Distribution Functions
Fitting Method for Arbitrary Distance Measure
Fitting Heavy-Tailed Distributions
Combined Fitting Method
Application of the Tool
Conclusion
References
Traffic Modeling of IP Networks Using the Batch Markovian Arrival Process
Introduction
IP Traffic Measurement and Characterization
Dial-Up Modem/ISDN Traffic Measurements
Traffic Analysis and Traffic Characterization
Traffic Modeling Using the Batch Markovian Arrival Process
The Batch Markovian Arrival Process
Parameter Estimation Procedure
Effective Computational Formulas for the BMAP
BMAP Traffic Modeling Framework
Comparative Study of Aggregated IP Traffic Modeling
References
PEPA Nets: A Structured Performance Modelling Formalism
Introduction
PEPA Nets
Markings in a PEPA Net
Net-Level Transitions in a PEPA Net
Semantics
Example: A Mobile Agent System
Relating PEPA Nets to Other Modelling Formalisms
Relating PEPA Nets to Petri Nets
Relating PEPA Nets to PEPA
Implementation
The PEPA Workbench for PEPA Nets
Using PEPA Nets in the M{accent 127 o}bius Modelling Framework
Case Study: A Peer-to-Peer File System
Further Work
Conclusions
References
Summary of the PEPA Language
Definition of PEPA Nets Equality on Alphabets
Availability of the Modelling Tools
Validation of GSPN and SWN Models through the PROD Tool
Introduction
GreatSPN-to-PROD: The User Perspective
A Closer Look to the Translation
Example of a {tt Probe} Session
Conclusions
References
Software Performance Models from System Scenarios in Use Case Maps
Introduction
Models for Scenarios and Performance
Use Case Maps
Layered Queueing Networks
Extracting a Layered Performance Model
Correspondences between UCMs and LQNβ’s
Correspondences of Path Structure in LQN
Fork and Join in Separate Components
Performance Annotations in UCMs
Scenario to Performance Model Transformation Algorithm
Call and Reply Stack (CRS)
SPT Algorithm
Example - Ticket Reservation System
Transforming Other Scenario Models (e.g. UML Sequence Diagrams)
Conclusions
References
Applying the UML Performance Profile: Graph Grammar-Based Derivation of LQN Models from UML Specifications
Introduction
Background
UML Performance Profile
The LQN Model
Architectural Patterns
Transformation from UML to LQN
From Activity Diagrams to LQN Entries, Phases, and Activities
Case Study: Group Communication Server
Conclusions
References
A Passage-Time Preserving Equivalence for Semi-Markov Processes
Introduction
Definition of Equivalence
Introduction
Formal Definition
SMP State Lumping
An Example of SMP State Lumping
Basic Reduction Steps
State Lumping Definition
Conclusion
References
Symbolic Methods for the State Space Exploration of GSPN Models
Introduction
Background Theory
Encoding Functions
Using P-Invariants
Partitions and BDD Ordering
State Space Exploration
Experimental Results
Conclusion
References
PRISM: Probabilistic Symbolic Model Checker
Introduction
Probabilistic Model Checking
The Tool
Case Studies
Conclusions and Future Work
References
MAMSolver: A Matrix Analytic Methods Tool *
Introduction
MAMSolver Framework
M/G/1-Type Processes
GI/M/1-Type Processes
QBD Processes
ETAQA Methodology
MAMSolver
References
The MOMBASA Software Environment - A Toolkit for Performance Evaluation of Multicast-Based Mobility Support
Introduction
Functionalities and Features of MOMBASA SE
Implementation Design
Extensibility
Framework for Performance Evaluation
Conclusions
General References
GILK: A Dynamic Instrumentation Tool for the Linux Kernel
Introduction
Related Work
GILK Overview
Code Splicing
Local Bouncing
Instrument Functions
Experimental Results
Pipe Blocking
Network Traffic Analysis
Conclusion
References
Geist: A Web Traffic Generation Tool
Introduction
Traffic Properties Considered in Geist
Geist Capabilities and Traffic Generation Issues
Uses and Availability of Geist
References
DrawNET++: Model Objects to Support Performance Analysis and Simulation of Systems
Introduction
DrawNET++ Features
Performance Analysis of DrawNET++ Models
Conclusions
References
A Visual Formalism for the Composition of Stochastic Petri Nets
Introduction
Process Algebras
Petri Nets
STOCON Contributions and Structure of the Paper
Multi-level Nets
Compositionality Elements
Stochastic Elements
Definition of Structural Aspects of M-Nets
Behavioural Aspects of M-Nets
Behavioural Model
Example of Behaviour Inference
The Inference Rules
State Dependence in Queue/Server Networks
Multiple Shared Resources
Switch Setting
Queue Length Dependence
Process Algebra Compositions
Comparison with Other Composition Approaches
Conclusions
References
Symbolic Performance Prediction of Data-Dependent Parallel Programs
Introduction
Related Work
Analysis
Sequential Composition
Conditional Composition
Parallel Composition
Experiments
Sparse Vector Scaling
Straight Selection Sort
PSRS
Tool Implementation
Modeling Language
Symbolic Compilation
Parameterization
Modeling Example
Conclusion
References
Analysis of a Transaction System with Checkpointing, Failures, and Rollback
Introduction
Model and Analysis
Solution by Generating Functions
Spectral Expansion Solution
Numerical Results
Conclusion
References
Analyzing Voice-over-IP Subjective Quality as a Function of Network QoS: A Simulation-Based Methodology and Tool
Introduction
Related Work
Automated Objective Methodology
Tool Implementation
Objective MOS Results
Bernoulli Loss Model
Bursty Loss Model
Delay Jitter Model
Extensions, Future Directions, and Concluding Remarks
References
Hierarchical Workload Characterization for a Busy Web Server
Introduction
Background and Related Work
The Collection, Description, and Analysis of a Web Server Workload
Hierarchical Workload Characterization
Characteristics of the Aggregate Workload
Characteristics of Individual Client Workloads
Characteristics of Sessions within Individual Client Workloads
Conclusions
References
Enabling Network Caching of Dynamic Web Objects
Introduction
WebMon: Web Transaction Monitoring
Response Time Analysis
Enabling Network Caching of Dynamic Objects
Re-engineering ``Corporate Source''
Cache Update Policies
Implementation Considerations
Counting Accesses
Analysis of the Data with Cached Pages
Conclusions
References
A Tool for Controlling Response Time in Real-Time Systems
Introduction
Branch and Bound Algorithm
Initial Solution
Vertex Branching Rule
Lower Bound
Vertex Elimination Rules
Experimentation
A Detailed Example
Numerical Results
Conlusion
References
Author Index