Ttitle page
Acknowledgements
1 Introduction
1 What is computational linguistics?
1.1 The objectives of computational linguistics
1.2 Computational and theoretical linguistics
1.3 Computational linguistics as engineering
1.4 The structure of this survey - a tree diagram
2 Syntax analysis
2.1 The role of syntax analysis
2.2 Is syntax analysis necessary?
2.3 Phrase-structure languages
1 Recursive languages
2 Regular grammars
3 Context-free grammar
4 Context-sensitive grammars
2.4 Early systems: context-free parsers
1 A small context-free natural language grammar
2 Parsing algorithms for context-free grammars
3 Some early systems
2.5 Transformational analyzers: first systems
1 Transformational grammar
2 A small transformational grammar
3 Transformational parsers - an overview
4 Transformational parsers - some details
2.6 Augmented context-free parsers
1 Restriction Language
2 Augmented transition networks
3 Some history
4 Some comparisons
5 PROLOG
2.7 Other phrase-structure grammars
1 Context-sensitive grammar
2 Unrestricted phrase-structure grammar
3 Grammar and metagrammar
2.8 Analyzing adjuncts
2.9 Analyzing coordinate conjunction
2.10 Parsing with probability and graded acceptability
3 Semantic analysis
3.1 Formai languages for meaning representation
1 Propositional logic
2 Predicate logic
3 Restricted quantification
4 Semantic nets
5 Notions not captured in predicate logic
6 Choice of predicates
3.2 Translation to logical form
1 The input to the translation
2 Historical notes
3 Quantifier ordering
3.3 Semantic constraints
1 The nature of the constraints
2 Sublanguages
3 Specifying the constraints
4 Enforcing the constraints
3.4 Conceptual analyzers
3.5 Anaphora resolution
1 When to do anaphora resolution
2 Computing discourse entities
3 Selecting the referent
4 Other anaphoric noun phrases
5 Definite no un phrases
6 Indefinite pronouns and no un phrases
3.6 Analyzing sentence fragments
3.7 Using the logical form
4 Discourse analysis and information structuring
4.1 Text grammar
4.2 Organizing world knowledge
1 Grouping facts by topic
4.3 Frames
4.4 Analyzing narrative: scripts and plans
1 Scripts
2 Plans
3 MOPs, story points, and plot units
4.5 Information formats
4.6 Analyzing dialog
1 A mixed initiative system
2 Planning to say something
5 Language generation
5.1 The poor cousin
5.2 Sentence generation
1 From logical form to deep structure
2 From deep structure to sentence
5.3 Text generation
1 Organizing the text
2 What's best left unsaid
Exercises
Bibliography
Name index (missing)
Subject index (missing)