Cell types were isolated from sorghum stems at two stages of development, anthesis and grain maturity, to study cell wall characteristics. Cell walls were isolated from epidermis (EPID), sclerenchyma (SCL), vascular bundle zone (VBZ), inner vascular bundles (IVB) and pith parenchyma cells (PITH) and analysed for total carbohydrate, acid insoluble lignin, total uronosyls, neutral sugars and hydroxycinnamic acids. In addition, walls from SCL, VBZ, IVB and PITH were subjected to chemical fractionation to separate wall carbohydrate into polysaccharide groups. Although wall characteristics were similar at both plant maturities, there were differences in lignin concentration, hydroxycinnamic acids, and carbohydrate composition among the cell wall types. Lignin was lowest in the PITH walls (169 g kg À1 ) and highest in SCL and EPID (c 211 g kg À1 ). Cellulose was most abundant in VBZ and SCL walls with greater secondary wall formation. Pectic materials were most abundant in PITH walls. Xylans were similar among wall types except for EPID that contained higher amounts of xylose. Releasable hydroxycinnamates were not as consistent among the cell wall types. Total ferulates, including ester linked and releasable ether linked, tended to increase from PITH to SCL (8 to 15 g kg À1 CW) with an increase in the proportion etheri®ed within the wall matrices (PITH 51%; SCL 66%). Total p-coumarates showed opposite trends with PITH walls having signi®cantly more (35 g kg À1 CW) than VBZ or SCL (19 and 13 g kg À1 CW). EPID walls contained the least pCA (6.5 g kg À1 CW). Except for the hydroxycinnamates, compositional trends for the different wall types would re¯ect changes from primary walls to increased amounts of secondary wall. Neutral sugar analysis of indigestible residues indicated similar carbohydrate compositions among the cell wall types, with xylose being less degradable than all other wall sugars.