Composite Materials for Aircraft Structures, Second Edition (Aiaa Education Series)

✍ Scribed by A. Baker, S. Dutton, D. Kelly

• Publisher: AIAA
• Year: 2004
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 602
• Edition: 2nd
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Offering an introduction to the technology of composite materials as used in aeronautical design and structure, this text discusses differences between composites and metals, structural design procedures and in-service performance of those materials.

✦ Table of Contents

Table of Contents......Page 0
Front Matter......Page 1
Foreword......Page 4
Foreword to First Edition......Page 5
Contributors......Page 8
Preface......Page 6
Table of Contents......Page 10
1.1 General......Page 15
1.3 High-Performance Fiber Composite Concepts......Page 17
1.4 Fiber Reinforcements......Page 20
1.5 Matrices......Page 21
1.7 Non-polymeric Composite Systems......Page 27
1.8 Hybrid Metal/PMC Composites......Page 33
Bibliography......Page 35
2.2 Micromechanical Versus Macromechanical View of Composites......Page 36
2.3 Micromechanics......Page 38
2.4 Elastic Constants......Page 39
2.5 Micromechanics Approach to Strength......Page 49
2.6 Simple Estimate of Compressive Strength......Page 55
2.7 Off-axis Strength in Tension......Page 58
2.8 Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Composites......Page 60
References......Page 66
3.1 Overview......Page 68
3.2 Glass Fibers......Page 70
3.3 Carbon Fibers......Page 76
3.4 Boron Fibers......Page 80
3.5 Silicon Carbide......Page 82
3.6 Aramid Fibers......Page 84
3.7 Orientated Polyethylene Fibers......Page 86
3.8 Dry Fiber Forms......Page 87
References......Page 92
4.1 Introduction......Page 94
4.2 Thermoset and Thermoplastic Polymer Matrix Materials......Page 99
4.3 Thermosetting Resin Systems......Page 101
4.4 Thermoplastic Systems......Page 121
References......Page 125
5.1 Introduction......Page 126
5.2 Outline of General Laminating Procedures......Page 128
5.3 Laminating Procedures For Aircraft-Grade Composite Components......Page 130
5.4 Liquid Resin Molding Techniques......Page 145
5.5 Filament Winding......Page 153
5.6 Pultrusion......Page 158
5.7 Process Modelling......Page 162
5.8 Tooling......Page 171
5.9 Special Thermoplastic Techniques......Page 175
References......Page 182
6.1 Overview......Page 183
6.2 Laminate Theory......Page 184
6.3 Stress Concentration and Edge Effects......Page 203
6.4 Failure Theories......Page 206
6.5 Fracture Mechanics......Page 215
6.6 Failure Prediction Near Stress Raisers and Damage Tolerance......Page 216
6.7 Buckling......Page 219
References......Page 221
7.1 Introduction......Page 224
7.2 Coupon Tests......Page 227
7.3 Laboratory Simulation of Environmental Effects......Page 236
7.4 Measurement of Residual Strength......Page 238
7.5 Measurement of Interlaminar Fracture Energy......Page 242
References......Page 248
8.1 Introduction......Page 250
8.2 Glass-Fiber Composite Systems......Page 252
8.3 Boron Fiber Composite Systems......Page 258
8.4 Aramid Fiber Composite Systems......Page 260
8.5 Carbon Fiber Systems......Page 268
8.6 Properties of Laminates......Page 273
8.7 Impact Damage Resistance......Page 274
8.8 Fatigue of Composite Laminates......Page 277
8.9 Environmental Effects......Page 287
References......Page 297
9.1 Introduction......Page 299
9.2 Comparison Between Mechanically Fastened and Adhesively Bonded Joints......Page 300
9.3 Adhesively Bonded Joints......Page 302
9.4 Mechanically Fastened Joints......Page 347
References......Page 376
10.2 Assessment of the Need to Repair......Page 379
10.4 Repair Requirements......Page 381
10.5 Non-patch Repairs......Page 384
10.6 Patch Repairs: General Considerations......Page 387
10.7 Bonded Patch Repairs......Page 389
10.8 Materials Engineering Aspects......Page 400
10.9 Application Technology: In Situ Repairs......Page 404
10.10 Bolted Repairs......Page 405
10.11 Materials Engineering Aspects......Page 408
References......Page 411
11.2 Quality Control......Page 413
11.3 Cure Monitoring......Page 418
11.4 Non-destructive Inspection of Advanced Composite Aerospace Structures......Page 424
11.5 Conclusion......Page 440
References......Page 441
12.2 Applications of Glass-Fiber Composites......Page 444
12.3 Current Applications......Page 445
12.4 Design Considerations......Page 456
12.5 Design of Carbon-Fiber-Based Components......Page 458
12.6 Design Methodologies......Page 471
12.7 A Value Engineering Approach to the Use of Composite Materials......Page 475
References......Page 483
13.1 Overview......Page 485
13.2 Certification of Airframe Structures......Page 488
13.3 The Development of Design Allowables......Page 490
13.4 Demonstration of Static Strength......Page 492
13.5 Demonstration of Fatigue Strength......Page 494
13.7 Assessment of the Impact Damage Threat......Page 495
References......Page 496
14.1 Introduction......Page 498
14.2 Stitching......Page 499
14.3 Z-Pinning......Page 505
14.4 Three-Dimensional Weaving......Page 509
14.5 Braiding......Page 514
14.6 Knitting......Page 522
14.7 Non-crimp Fabrics......Page 526
References......Page 530
15.1 Introduction......Page 532
15.2 Engineering Approaches......Page 533
15.3 Selected Applications and Demonstrators......Page 538
15.4 Key Technology Needs......Page 551
References......Page 552
16.1 Knowledge-Based Design Systems......Page 555
16.2 Finite Element Modelling of Composite Structures......Page 558
16.3 Finite Element Solution Process......Page 559
16.4 Element Types......Page 568
16.5 Finite Element Modelling of Composite Structures......Page 569
16.6 Implementation......Page 572
16.7 Design Optimization......Page 574
References......Page 575
A.1 Piezoelectric Materials......Page 576
A.2 Shape Memory Alloys......Page 578
A.3 Optical Fiber Sensors......Page 579
A.6 Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems......Page 582
A.7 Comparison Of Actuators......Page 583
References......Page 584
A......Page 586
B......Page 587
C......Page 588
D......Page 589
E......Page 590
F......Page 591
G......Page 592
K......Page 593
M......Page 594
N......Page 595
P......Page 596
Q......Page 597
S......Page 598
T......Page 600
W......Page 601
Z......Page 602