Complex System Reliability (Springer Series in Reliability Engineering)

✍ Scribed by Myers

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2010
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 241
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Complex System Reliability presents a state-of-the-art treatment of complex multi-channel system reliability assessment and provides the requisite tools, techniques and algorithms required for designing, evaluating and optimizing ultra-reliable redundant systems. Critical topics that make Complex System Reliability a unique and definitive resource include: • redundant system analysis for k-out-of-n systems (including complex systems with embedded k-out-of-n structures) involving both perfect and imperfect fault coverage; • imperfect fault coverage analysis techniques, including algorithms for assessing the reliability of redundant systems in which each element is subject to a given coverage value (element level coverage) or in which the system uses voting to avoid the effects of a failed element (fault level coverage); and • state-of-the-art binary decision diagram analysis techniques, including the latest and most efficient algorithms for the reliability assessment of large, complex redundant systems. This practical presentation includes numerous fully worked examples that provide detailed explanations of both the underlying design principles and the techniques (such as combinatorial, recursive and binary decision diagram algorithms) used to obtain quantitative results. Many of the worked examples are based on the design of modern digital fly-by-wire control system technology. Complex System Reliability provides in-depth coverage of systems subject to either perfect or imperfect fault coverage and also the most recent techniques for correctly assessing the reliability of redundant systems that use mid-value-select voting as their primary means of redundancy management. It is a valuable resource for those involved in the design and reliability assessment of highly reliable systems, particularly in the aerospace and automotive sectors.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
Notation
Abbreviations
Chapter 1 - Introduction
1.1 Imperfect Fault Coverage
1.2 Computational Complexity
1.3 Symbolic Algebra
1.4 Binary Decision Diagrams
References
Chapter 2 - Basic Elements of System Reliability
2.1 The Reliability Function
2.2 Reliability Functional Block Diagrams
2.3 Elements in Series
2.4 Elements in Parallel
2.5 Combined Series/Parallel Systems
2.6 Parallel System Arrangements
2.7 Redundancy and System Reliability
2.8 k-out-of-n:G Systems
2.8.1 At Least k-out-of-n:G Systems
2.8.2 Exactly k-out-of-n:G Systems
2.8.3 Mathematica k-out-of-n:G Reliability
2.8.3.1 Mathematica i.i.d. k-out-of-n:G Reliability
2.8.3.2 Mathematica Non i.i.d. k-out-of-n:G Reliability
References
Chapter 3 - Complex System Reliability
3.1 Systems with Complex Interconnections
3.2 Sum over States and Truth Tables
3.3 Bernoulli State Variables (BSV)
3.4 BernoulliRule and the ⊗ and ⊕ Operators
3.5 BSV Operations Using ⊗ and ⊕
Chapter 4 - Imperfect Fault Coverage
4.1 Background
4.2 Imperfect Fault Coverage Models
4.2.1 ELC Systems
4.2.2 FLC Systems
4.2.3 OLC Systems
4.3 IFC Sum-over-States Models
4.4 IFC Combinatorial Functions
4.4.1 ELC Functions
4.4.2 FLC Functions
4.4.3 OLC Functions
4.5 Combinatorial Functions for i.i.d. Systems
4.6 Recursive k-out-of-n:G Functions
4.6.1 PFC Recursive Functions
4.6.2 ELC Recursive Functions
4.6.3 FLC Recursive Functions
4.6.4 OLC Recursive Functions
4.7 PFC and IFC Table-Based Algorithms
4.7.1 PFC Table-Based Algorithms
4.7.2 ELC Table-Based Algorithms
4.7.3 FLC Table-Based Algorithms
4.7.4 OLC Table-Based Algorithms
4.8 Estimation of FLC Coverage
4.9 Comparison of PFC and IFC Systems
References
Chapter 5 - Complex System Modeling Using BSV
5.1 Background
5.2 Blocks of Redundant Components in Series
5.2.1 Configuration 1
5.2.2 Configuration 2
5.2.3 Comparison of Configurations 1 and 2
5.3 Quadruplex Computer Control System
5.3.1 Mathematica Code for the Simple Quadruplex Computer Control System
5.3.2 Quadruplex Computer System Results
5.4 Actuation Subsystem
5.4.1 Mathematica Code for Actuation Subsystem
5.4.2 Actuation Subsystem Analysis
5.5 Combined Computer and Actuation Systems
References
Chapter 6 - Conditional Probability Modeling Using BSV
6.1 Background
6.2 Combined Computer and Actuation System CPM
6.3 Combined System CPM Results
6.4 CPM for a System with Multiple Actuation Subsystems: System A
6.5 CPM for a System with Multiple Actuation Subsystems: System B
6.6 Comparison of System A and System B Probability of Failure
6.7 Comments on CPM
Chapter 7 - Binary Decision Diagrams
7.1 Overview
7.1.1 Shannon Decomposition Theorem
7.1.2 Example
7.1.3 Reduction Rules
7.1.4 if-then-else (ite) Function
7.1.5 BDD-Based k-out-of-n:G for PFC and IFC Systems
7.2 BDDs for k-out-of-n: G Systems
7.3 BDD Comments and Observations
References
Chapter 8 - FCASE Introduction
8.1 Background
8.2 Simple System Example
8.2.1 FCASE Input File Description
8.2.1.1 Variable Definition Section (start VarDef)
8.2.1.2 System Description Section (start System)
8.2.1.3 System Results Section (start Results)
8.2.1.4 Complete Input File for Simple System Example
8.2.2 FCASE Output File Description
8.3 FCASE 1-out-of-4:G PFC and IFC Examples
8.3.1 Simple 1-out-of-4:G System FCASE Code andResults
8.4 Fly-by-Wire System with Six Control Surfaces System A and System B
8.4.1 FCASE Results for System A
8.4.2 FCASE Results for System B
8.5 System B with Actuators in Series
References
Chapter 9 - Digital Fly-by-Wire System
9.1 Quad-Channel DFBW System Description
9.2 FCASE Output File for Quad-Redundant DFBW System
9.3 Results for Quad DFBW System
9.4 FCASE Output File for Triple-Redundant Fly-by-Wire System
Chapter 10 - Limits on Achievable Reliability
10.1 Introduction
10.2 IFC Models for i.i.d. k-out-of-n:G Systems
10.3 Optimum Reliability for IFC 1-out-of-n:G Systems
10.3.1 Optimum ELC 1-out-of-n:G Systems
10.3.2 Optimum FLC 1-out-of-n:G Systems
10.4 Comparison of Optimum ELC and FLC Systems
References
Chapter 11 - General Architectural Considerations
11.1 Background
11.2 Redundancy Level
11.2.1 Variations in Actuator Redundancy
11.2.2 Variations in Hydraulic System Redundancy
11.3 Variations in Redundancy Level
11.4 The Value of Cross-Strapping Power
11.5 Component Reliability Uncertainty
Appendix A - Mathematica Combinatorial k-out-of-n:GFunctions
A.1 Combinatorial k-out-of-n:G PFC Functions
A.2 Combinatorial k-out-of-n:G ELC Functions
A.3 Combinatorial k-out-of-n:G FLC Functions
A.4 Combinatorial k-out-of-n:G OLC Functions
Appendix B - Mathematica Recursive k-out-of-n:G Functions
B.1 Recursive k-out-of-n:G PFC Functions
B.2 Recursive k-out-of-n:G ELC Functions
B.3 Recursive k-out-of-n:G FLC Functions
B.4 Recursive k-out-of-n:G OLC Functions
Appendix C - Mathematica Table-Based k-out-of-n:GFunctions
C.1 Table-Based k-out-of-n:G PFC Functions
C.2 Table-Based k-out-of-n:G ELC Functions
C.3 Table-Based k-out-of-n:G FLC Functions
C.4 Table-Based k-out-of-n:G OLC Functions
Appendix D - FCASE Implementation of System A and System B
D.1 FCASE System A
D.2 FCASE System B
Appendix E - FCASE Input File Syntax
E.1 FCASE start VarDef Section
E.2 FCASE start System Section
E.3 FCASE start Results Section
E.4 Comments on FCASE Numerical Precision
Index