Knowing the in vitro effects of morphine on monkey INTRODUCTION leukocytes would be helpful in extending the utility of Information that neuronally derived neuropeptides vestigations. Morphine effects On T1l, Leu2a, and immunohormones modulate neuroendocrine activity has monkeys and were assessed by using singleand endocrine systems are part of a reciprocating interexpression Of these markers was determined after of this network constitutes the foundation of the emerging modulation of the original complement of T11 markdiscipline of psychoneuroimuno~ogy (PNI) [Ader, ers from the surface of T W + ) cells. Percentages of 19811. While there are many approaches to for monkey and human cells. Also, as expected, T11 tive, addictive drugs modify a monkey for ~s~choneuroimmunolo~cal inand catecholamines modify lymphocyte activity and that antigenic markers on leukocytes from rhesus contributed to the recognition that the neural, immune, and two-color cytofluorometric analyses. Kinetics Of systemic network [Ader, 198 1 ; &lock, 19851. The study leukWYtes
ers before modulation were within the expected staining these mark-PNI investigations, our laboratory has chosen to concentrate its efforts on understanding how behaviorally acfunctions. Primarily, our studies have focused on the immu-modulation reduced the percentages of cells expressing T1l. This reduction was particularly obvious for nological effects of opiates [McDonough et al, 1980; in the single-color analyses, with reductions being Donahoe et d, 1985a,b, 1986, 1987~1, although we have greater for monkey than human also examined effects of cocaine [Donahoe, et al, 1985b, on kinetics of T11 expression were quite similar for have demonstrated that opiates interfere with the formamarkers was for both monkey and human vitro [Donahoe et al, 1985b. Our in vitro and in cells. The effects of morphine on kinetics of expression viva studies have also shown that opiates modulate On the Other the distribution Of Leu2a on T1l helper-inducer (Th) and T-suppressor-cytotoxic (Ts) cells was markedly different for monkey and human [Donahoe et al, 1985b. These observations have with [1980] that T-cells have opiate receptors. Moreover, our Leu2a' The effects Of morphine onstrating that T-cells have pharmacologically relevant, effects of drugs that simultaneously expressed of abuse have suggested [Donahoe et al, 1985a Only that a basic property of such drugs relates to their ability