Community Development for Social Change

✍ Scribed by Dave Beck, Rod Purcell

• Publisher: Routledge
• Year: 2020
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 289
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Community Development for Social Change provides a comprehensive introduction to the theory and practice of community development and associated activities, discusses best practice from global experience and links that to the UK context. The book integrates the realities of practice to key underpinning theories, human rights, values and a commitment to promoting social justice.

A range of practice models are described and analysed, including UK models, popular education and community organising, as well as a range of practice issues that need to be understood by community development workers. For example, strategies to promote individual and community empowerment, challenging discrimination, building and sustaining groups, and critical reflection on practice.

Finally, a range of case studies from the UK and overseas illustrates good practice in diverse contexts. These case studies are analysed with reference to the values of community development, the promotion of social justice and the underpinning theories. It is an essential text for those on community development courses as well as for a range of workers, including local government, national and local voluntary agencies, and community-based organisations.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of contents
About This Book
Structure of the Book
Contributors
Acknowledgements
Section 1 The Context of Community Development Work
1.1 Values and Purpose of Community Development
Introduction
Key Learning Points
Learning Tasks
Key Reading
References
1.2 Social Change
Introduction
Three Foci of Social Change
Legal Change
Economic Change
Changes in Individuals
Challenges and Tensions of Social Change
Ethical Issues
Key Learning Points
Learning Tasks
Key Reading
References
1.3 Human Rights: A Framework for Action
Introduction
Rights and Responsibilities
Key Learning Points
Learning Tasks
Key Reading
References
1.4 Anti-Oppressive Practice
Introduction
Personal (P) Level
Cultural (C) Level
Structural (S) Level
Key Learning Points
Learning Tasks
Oppression Awareness, Group Exercise
Key Reading
References
1.5 A Globalised and Changing World: The Local Impact
A Global Perspective
The Aftermath Debate
Development Issues
Key Learning Points
Learning Tasks
Key Reading
References
1.6 Living under Neo-Liberalism: Challenges and Opportunities
Introduction
What is Neo-liberalism?
Is this Focus on Neo-liberalism Unhelpful?
In Summary
Key Learning Points
Learning Tasks
Key Reading
References
1.7 Community Development in the UK and How We Got Here
Background
The 1960s and the CDPs
The 1970s Onwards
Key Learning Points
Learning Tasks
Key Reading
References
Section 2 Underpinning Theories
2.1 What is Community?
Mythology and the Power of Statistics
Community as Culture
Key Learning Points
Learning Tasks
Key Reading
References
2.2 Gramsci/Hegemony and the Nature of Power
Introduction
Civil Society
Hegemony
Counter-Hegemony
Tactics of Change
Working with Individuals
Working with Groups
Building Power Organisations
Developing Networks Locally, Nationally and Internationally
The Role of the Organic Intellectual
Key Learning Points
Learning Tasks
Key Reading
References
2.3 Freire and Critical Consciousness
Introduction
1. Personal decision to engage in a process of self-transformation
2. Exercising authority but not being authoritarian
3. Being directive but not manipulative
4. Balance the need for structure with the need for openness
5. Know that you do not know – or do not fully know
Key Learning Points
Learning Tasks
Key Reading
References
2.4 Space and Everyday Life in Communities
Introduction
Analysis of Space
Everyday Life
Tactics of Everyday Life
Transgression
Key Learning Points
Learning Tasks
Key Reading
References
Section 3 Models of Practice
3.1 Overview of Current Practice
Where We Are Now in the UK
Community Planning
Community Work and Social Systems
Key Learning Points
Learning Tasks
Key Reading
References
3.2 Direct Action
Introduction
Key Learning Points
Learning Tasks
Key Reading
References
3.3 Community Organising
Introduction
Key Learning Points
Learning Tasks
Key Reading
References
3.4 Slum Dwellers International
Introduction
Key Learning Points
Learning Tasks
Key Reading
3.5 Freire and Popular Education
Introduction
Developing Codes
Engaging in Dialogue
Taking and Reflecting on Action
Key Learning Points
Learning Tasks
Key Reading
References
3.6 Asset-Based Community Development and Social Capital
Introduction
The Asset Model
Asset Mapping
Social Capital
Key Learning Points
Learning Tasks
Key Reading
References
3.7 Integrated Models of Practice
Introduction
1 Knowing your Values and Core Purposes
2 What is the Community?
3 How Everyday Power is Deployed
4 Everyday Life Strategies and Tactics
5 Knowing the Community’s Needs
6 Assets, Local Resources and Leadership
7 Organising Models
8 RVPA Approach to Planning
9 Monitoring and Evaluation
Key Learning Points
Learning Tasks
Key Reading
Reference
Section 4 Practice Issues for Community Development Work
4.1 Understanding the Community: Psychogeography and PhotoVoice
Introduction
Psychogeography
PhotoVoice
Key Learning Points
Learning Tasks
Key Reading
References
4.2 Promoting Empowerment
Introduction
Empowerment
False Consciousness
Crisis
Educational Action
Transformative Action
An Empowering Worker
Multidimensional Construct
Personal Empowerment
Positive Action
Development of Community Organisations
Power Relationships and Participation
Critiques and Concerns
Key Learning Points
Learning Tasks
Key Reading
References
4.3 Community Capacity Building and Human Capability
Introduction
Community Capacity Building
Human Capability
Key Learning Points
Learning Tasks
Key Reading
References
4.4 Building Community Resilience
Introduction
Ways to Strengthen Community Resilience
People
Systems Thinking
Adaptability
Transformability
Sustainability
Courage
Concept of Resourcefulness
Key Learning Points
Learning Tasks
Key Reading
References
4.5 Leadership in the Community
Introduction
Key Learning Points
Learning Tasks
Key Reading
References
4.6 Working with Groups
Introduction
The Life Cycle of Groups
The Learning Needs of Groups and Learning Circles
Critical Questions for Community Workers
Key Learning Points
Learning Tasks
Key Reading
References
4.7 Evaluating Your Practice
Introduction
An Example of a Logical Framework
Definitions
Logical Framework Matrix
Key Learning Points
Learning Tasks
Key Reading
References
Section 5 Case Studies of Practice
Case Study 5.1 A Statement of Hope
Voice 4 Deptford: Empowerment and Change – Reality or Rhetoric?
Working for Change
Actions, Inertia and Failure
Reorganise and Regroup
Becoming Seen and Heard
People Power
Process and Product
Going through the Motions
Dialogue and Action
Talk to Action
Development and Challenges
Further Study
References
Case Study 5.2 Community Impact of an Australian Aboriginal Art Centre
Introduction
Background
Method and Model
Intended Outcomes
What Happened
Unintended Outcomes
Learning
Further Study
References
Case Study 5.3 Popular Education and Neighbourhood Centre Work
Introduction
Background
Conceptual Framing
Building Better Communities in Yeronga and Annerley
Inviting People In …
Structure and Content
Outcome Aspirations
Actual Outcomes
Participant Confidence
Skills and Knowledge
Unintended Outcomes
Moving towards ‘the Political’
Conclusion
How do Neighbourhood Centre Workers Support Ongoing Community Action?
Closer Linkages to Social Movements
Further Study
References
Case Study 5.4 Spinning Rubbish into Gold: : A Community Development Route to Environmental Social Enterprise
Context
Organising and Learning
‘The Community Sector Marches on its Stomach’
Consolidating Learning and Building Constituency
An Enterprise of Our Own
Learnings from the Front Line of the Waste War
Operations are a Transport Business
Given the Consistent Opportunity, People will do the Right Thing
Waste is not an Engineering Problem, it is a Problem of Human Behaviour
It Is All About The Sorting
The Waste Hierarchy
The Winning Formula
Key Outcomes
Prologue
Further Study
References
Community Development and Social Enterprise Resources
Case Study 5.5 Play Sufficiency as an Organising Principle of Community Development
Doing Play Sufficiency
Taking Action
2016 PSA – A Time for Refinements and to see if the Work was … Working
Concluding Remarks
Further Study
References
Case Study 5.6 Creative Nottingham North: : Arts-based Community Development
Introduction
The Bulwell Connectors
Three Doors Down
The Festival Model
Creative Nottingham North – The People and the Place
A Political Shift?
Conclusion
Further Study
References
Case Study 5.7 When Young People, Resident Artists and Curators Work Collaboratively on a Community Arts Project
Introduction
Gathering Feedback from Youth Forum Participants
Young People’s Views on the Youth Forum
Recruiting the Right Young People
Having the Right Staff Team
Managing Group Dynamics
Product vs. Process
Capturing Learning
Recommendations for Future Development of the Youth Forum Project
Further Study
References
Case Study 5.8 The ‘JOY’ Project
Introduction
Social and Economic Context of Case Study Area
Model of Work
The Age, Ethnicity and Social Status of JOY Participants
The Planned Outputs and Outcomes
What Happened?
What was Learned?
Literature Underpinning the Development of this Work and the Analysis of it?
Further Study
References
Case Study 5.9 Show Racism the Red Card
Context and Purpose
Developmental History
Impact and Engagement
Outcomes and Output
Limitations
Commentary
Further Study
References
Case Study 5.10 The Bengali Women’s Programme 2011–2014
Background
Social and Economic Context
Hyde Community Action (HCA)
How the Work Evolved
Outcome 1: Mental Health and Well-being
Outcome 2: Knowledge, Skills and Employability
Outcome 3: Access to Services and Community Cohesion
Outcome 4: Increased Influence and Participation
Supporting Activity: Translation and Interpretation
Supporting Activity: Childcare
What Worked, What Didn’t and What We Learned
Performance Evaluation
Outcome 1: Mental Health and Well-being
Outcome 2: Knowledge, Skills and Employability
Outcome 3: Access to Services, Community Cohesion
Outcome 4: Increased Influence and Participation
Unplanned Outcomes: Community Research and Cultural Awareness
Process Evaluation: Organisational Learning
Service-User Engagement
Organising Activity
Partnership Working
Volunteer Management
Childcare
Monitoring and Evaluation
Financial Resources
Paid Staff
Volunteering
Premises
Planning for Sustainability
How this Learning Impacted on Our Future Plans
Further Study
References
Case Study 5.11 Developing a New Generation of BAME Community-based Leaders: : Lessons from an Ongoing Journey
The Personal is Political – Part I
Yvonne Writes:
A Creative Response to Austerity, Urban Gentrification and Continuing Social Exclusion
Yvonne Reflects:
Yvonne Reflects:
Emergence of Ubele’s Strategy
The Personal is Political – Part II
Yvonne Reflects:
Using Ancient Paradigms to Inform Future Community Leadership Practice
Yvonne Reflects:
Growing a New African Diaspora-led Organisation
Yvonne Reflects:
Yvonne Reflects:
Yvonne Concludes:
References
Case Study 5.12 ‘Peas & Love’. A Case Study in Kindness and the Power of Small Actions: : Incredible Edible, Todmorden
Introducing Incredible Edible Todmorden
About Todmorden
Radical Community Building in Action
Impact and Outcomes
Discussion and Analysis
Further Study
References
Section 6 Summing Up
6.1 What Community Development Can Achieve
6.2 The Journey of Community Development
6.3 Statement of Hope
Index