Combustion Processes

✍ Scribed by Bernard Lewis; Robert Norton Pease; H. S. Taylor

• Publisher: Princeton University Press
• Year: 2015
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 694
• Series: Princeton Legacy Library; 2157
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Volume II of the High Speed Aerodynamics and Jet Propulsion series. This volume includes treatments of all aspects of combustion necessary to the development of jet and rocket engines.

Originally published in 1956.

The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

✦ Table of Contents

CONTENTS
PART 1. THERMODYNAMICS OF COMBUSTION
A. High Temperature Equilibrium
1. Problems in Combustion
2. Determination of Equilibrium Composition and Thermodynamic Properties
3. Determination of Heat Release and Flame Temperature
4. Gas Imperfection
5. Failure to Maintain Equilibrium in Combustion
6. Cited References and Bibliography
B. Expansion Processes
1. Classification of Flow Processes
2. Thermodynamic Relations for Flow Processes
3. Determination of Performance Parameters for Isentropic Flow
4. Nonequilibrium Effects
5. Two-Phase Flow
6. Cited References
C. Computational Methods in Combustion Calculations
1. Introduction
2. Calculation of the Equilibrium Composition
3. Calculation of the Thermodynamic Properties at Equilibrium
4. Evaluation of Performance Factors of Fuel-Oxidant Systems
5. Cited References
PART 2. CHEMICAL KINETICS OF COMBUSTION
D. Fundamentals of Chemical Kinetics
1. Introduction
2. General Considerations
3. The Half Life of a Reaction
4. The Order of Simultaneous Reactions
5. Temperature and the Velocity of Chemical Reaction
6. The Potential Energies of 2-, 3-, and 4-Atom Systems
7. Potential Energy and Activation Energy
8. Statistical Treatment of the Activated Complex
9. Absolute Rate Theory and Collision Theory. A Comparison
10. The Theory of First Order Processes
11. The Theory of Third Order Processes
12. The Reaction of Molecules with Atoms or Radicals
13. Chain Mechanisms
14. Branching Chains and Explosions
15. Wall Reactions
16. Gas Reactions at Surfaces. General Principles
17. Adsorption
18. Adsorption Equilibrium. The Adsorption Isotherm
19. Desorption Phenomena
20. Kinetics of Chemical Reactions at Surfaces
21. Adsorption and Desorption as Rate-Determining Processes
22. Transport to and from the Surface as Rate-Determining Steps
23. Kinetics of Reactions in Solid and Solid-Gas Systems
24. Fast Reactions: Introduction
25. Rates of Fast Reactions
26. Experimental Methods
27. Nonequilibrium and Nonequipartition Systems in Fast Reactions
28. The Persistence of Nonequilibrium Conditions
29. Cited References
E. Kinetics of Several Oxidation Reactions
1. The Hydrogen-Oxygen Reaction
2. The Carbon Monoxide-Oxygen Reaction
3. The Oxidation of Paraffin Hydrocarbons
4. Some Other Exothermic Reactions
5. Cited References and Bibliography
PART 3. FLAME PROPAGATION IN GASES
F. Mechanics of Reaction Continua
1. Fundamental Equations
2. Application of the Phenomenological Theory of Irreversible Processes
3. Cited References and Bibliography
G. Combustion Waves in Nonturbulent Explosive Gases
Chapter 1. Theory of Combustion Waves
1. Description and General Equations
2. Special Solutions for One-Dimensional Steady State Propagation
3. WaveNear a Heat Sink. Dead Space and QuenchingDistance
4. Curved Waves
5. Principles of Stabilization of Combustion Waves in Gas Streams
6. Calculation of Wave Shape and Gas Flow Pattern
7. Momentum Change and Thrust Pressure
8. Propagation in Channels
9. Thermal Model of Combustion Wave. Excess Enthalpy
10. Principles of Ignition
11. Simplified Equations for Calculations Involving Heat Transport Across the Combustion Wave
Chapter 2. Experimental Phenomena of Combustion Waves
12. Ignition: Experiments and Comparison with Theory
13. Observations on the Propagation of Combustion Waves
14. Stability and Quenching Limits, and Structure of Burner Flames
Chapter 8. Combustion Waves in Closed Vessels
15. Dependence of Pressure Rise and Temperature Distribution on Fraction of Gas Burned
16. Correlation of Rate of Pressure Rise with Burning Velocity
17. Cited References
H. Combustion Waves in Turbulent Gases
1. Phenomenological Description of Turbulent Flames
2. The Work of Damkohler
3. The Work of Shelkin
4. Turbulent Burning Velocity Measurements of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
5. Turbulent Flames Confined in Channels
6. Turbulent Flame Measurements at California Institute of Technology
7. Other Experimental Studies of Turbulent Flames
8. Turbulence
9. Turbulent Diffusion
10. Theory of Flame Propagation by Large Scale Turbulence
11. Experimental Measurement of the Turbulent Burning Velocity
12. Turbulence Generation by the Turbulent Flame
13. Pressure Drop Across the Flame, Diffusion of Turbulence, Thickness of the Turbulent Flame
14. Propagation of Flames in Turbulent Explosive Mixtures
15. Stability of Turbulent Flames
16. Numerical Data of Turbulent Flames
17. The Status of Turbulent Flame Research
18. Cited References
I. Diffusion Flames
1. Introduction
2. Laminar Diffusion Flames
3. Transition Region Between Laminar and Turbulent Diffusion Flames
4. Turbulent Flames
5. Cited References
PART 4• COMBUSTION OP LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS
J. Combustion of Liquid Fuels
1. Atomization
2. Mixing and Precipitation of Fuel Sprays
3. Evaporation of Fuel Drops
4. Combustion of Fuel Drops
5. Cited References
K. Combustion of Solid Fuels
1. Introduction
2. Properties of Solid Fuels and Combustion Products
3. Fuel and Air Contact
4. Oxidation Mechanisms
5. Ignition
6. Combustion Processes
7. Exhaust
8. Concluding Remarks
9. Cited References
L. Combustion of Liquid Propellants
Chapter 1. Ignition Phenomena in Bipropellant and Monopropellant Systems
1. Introduction
2. Experimental Methods Used for Measuring Ignition Delay in Bipropellant Systems
3. Representative Ignition Delay Measurements on Spontaneous Bipropellant Systems
4. Ignition of Representative Nonspontaneous Bipropellants
5. Ignition of MonopropelIants
Chapter 2. Motor Performance of Selected Monopropellants
6. General Characteristics of Monopropellants
7. Classification of Monopropellants
8. Performance Characteristics of Monopropellants
Chapter 3. Combustion of Selected Bipropellant Systems
9. Classification of Oxidizers and Fuels
10. Combustion of Bipropellants in Rocket Engines
11. Performance Characteristics of Several Bipropellant Combinations
12. Modern Trends in Combustion Research on Liquid-Fuel Rocket Engines
13. Cited References
M. Combustion of Solid PropelIants
1. General Characteristics of Solid Propellants
2. Thermal Decomposition of Propellant Components
3. The Burning of Double-Base Propellants
4. The Burning Rate of Propellants
5. Theories of the Burning of Propellants
6. The Mechanism of Burning of Composite Propellants
7. The Ignition of Solid Propellants
8. Cited References
PART 5. DETONATION PROCESSES IN GASES, LIQUIDS, AND SOLIDS
N. Detonation Processes in Gases, Liquids, and Solids
Chapter 1. Experimental Methods for Observing Detonation
1. Introduction
2. Measurement of Detonation Velocities
3. Detonation Temperatures
4. Flow Velocities
5. Other Experiments
Chapter 2. The Physical Chemistry of Detonation Processes in Gases, Liquids, and Solids
6. Some Characteristic Differences Between Detonation and Explosion
7. Equations of State for Detonation
8. A Finite Time of Energy Release in Detonation
9. The Finite Time of Energy Release in Relation to Lateral Venting
10. Data on Energy Release in Stable Regimes
11. Mechanisms of Activation in the Propagation of Detonation
Chapter 3. Limiting Conditions for Stable Detonation
12. The Decay and Failure of Detonation
13. Macroinitiation of Detonation. Graded Detonative Impulses
14. The Transition from Macrocombustion to Detonation
15. Mieroinitiation of Detonation. The Sensitiveness of Explosives
Chapter 4. The Development of Research in the Physical Chemistry of Detonative Processes
16. Basic Detonation Parameters
17. Studies on the Marginal Propagation of Detonation
18. Direct Microinitiation
19. Cited References
PART 6. ENERGY PRODUCTION BY NUCLEAR REACTIONS
O. Energy Production by Nuclear Reactions
1. Introduction
2. Nuclei
3. Nuclear Energies
4. Nuclear Reactions
5. Summary and Conclusions
6. Cited References and Bibliography
Index