Colloidial Polymers Synthesis and Characterization

✍ Scribed by Abdelhamid Elaissari

• Publisher: Marcel Dekker
• Year: 2003
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 447
• Series: Surfactant Science
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Arriving amid exciting developments in nanotechnology and recent successes in catalytic emulsion polymerization of olefins, Colloidal Polymers describes ultramodern approaches to synthesis, preparation, characterization, and functionalization of latexes, nanoparticles, and myriad additional colloidal polymer systems. This research-saturated resource communicates critical parameters for method selection, guidelines for controlling structural and colloid properties, and other tools to assist in the production of desirable outcomes.

✦ Table of Contents

COLLOIDAL POLYMERS -SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION-.......Page 1
DEDICATION......Page 8
PREFACE......Page 11
5. FUNCTIONALIZATION OF COLLOIDAL PARTICLES......Page 13
15. ELECTROKINETIC AND SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON SCATTERING STUDIES OF THERMALLY SENSITIVE POLYMER COLLOIDS......Page 14
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 15
COLLOIDAL POLYMERS -SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION-.......Page 39
CONTENTS......Page 0
FREE-RADICAL EMULSION POLYMERIZATION AND AQUEOUS POLYMER DISPERSIONS......Page 18
I. DEVELOPMENT OF FREE-RADICAL EMULSION POLYMERIZATION: A HISTORIC OVERVIEW......Page 20
A. HOW TO GET RID OF SMALL MOLECULES?......Page 26
B. HOW TO IMPROVE PRODUCTS’ TECHNICAL PERFORMANCES?......Page 27
D. HOW TO MEET DEMAND FROM “ HIGH TECHNOLOGY” MARKETS?......Page 28
E. WHAT WILL THE PROCESSES AND PRODUCTS OF TOMORROW BE?......Page 30
III. CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 32
REFERENCES......Page 33
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 40
A. A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF CONTROLLED FREE- RADICAL POLYMERIZATION......Page 41
B. NITROXIDE-MEDIATED CONTROLLED FREE- RADICAL POLYMERIZATION......Page 42
C. POLYSTYRENE HOMOPOLYMER......Page 44
D. POLY(N-BUTYL ACRYLATE) HOMOPOLYMER......Page 49
E. POLY(STYRENE-CO-N-BUTYL ACRYLATE) RANDOM COPOLYMERS......Page 52
A. ATOM TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION......Page 53
B. SYNTHESIS OF AMPHIPHILIC BLOCK COPOLYMERS USING NITROXIDE- MEDIATED CRP OR ATRP......Page 54
C. USE OF AMPHIPHILIC BLOCK COPOLYMERS AS STABILIZERS IN EMULSION POLYMERIZATION......Page 56
D. FORMATION OF A HYDROPHILIC SHELL BY ATRP AT THE SURFACE OF LATEX PARTICLES......Page 59
REFERENCES......Page 60
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 63
A. SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ( PDMAEMA- PPO- PDMAEMA) [ 15]......Page 66
B. ABA TRIBLOCK COPOLYMER IN EMULSION POLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE [ 54]......Page 69
A. Y-TYPE POLY(DMAEMA)-BASED MACROMONOMERS......Page 77
B. BENZYL-CAPPED POLY(DMAEMA)......Page 80
C. POLYSTYRENE MICROLATEXES BEARING CATIONIC GROUPS ON THE SURFACE......Page 81
D. MIXED SURFACTANTS OF COMBLIKE COPOLYMER AND ANIONIC SURFACTANT IN EMULSION POLYMERIZATION......Page 83
REFERENCES......Page 87
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 93
II. EARLIER WORKS......Page 94
IV. POLYETHYLENE LATEXES......Page 95
A. STUDIES PUBLISHED BY THE TEAM OF FREIBURG......Page 96
B. STUDIES PUBLISHED BY THE GROUP OF LYON......Page 101
REFERENCES......Page 106
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 109
II. FUNCTIONAL PARTICLES VIA EMULSION POLYMERIZATION PROCESSES......Page 111
A. PREPARATION OF FUNCTIONAL CORE SHELL PARTICLES BY CONVENTIONAL METHOD......Page 115
B. PREPARATION OF FUNCTIONAL PARTICLES VIA LAYER- BY- LAYER PROCESS......Page 117
C. PREPARATION OF FUNCTIONAL PARTICLES VIA GRAFTING PROCESS......Page 119
REFERENCES......Page 127
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 133
II. SYNTHESIS OF ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDEBASED MICROGEL PARTICLES......Page 134
A. INFLUENCE OF EACH REACTANT ON THE NIPAM POLYMERIZATION REACTION......Page 136
A. AMINO-CONTAINING ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE MICROGEL PARTICLES......Page 143
B. THIOL-CONTAINING N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE MICROGEL PARTICLES......Page 144
C. CYANO-CONTAINING N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE MICROGEL PARTICLES......Page 145
A. POLYMERIZATION IN WATER PHASE......Page 146
C. GROWING PROCESS OF THE FORMED PARTICLES......Page 148
A. VOLUME PHASE TRANSITION TEMPERATURE OF POLY( NIPAM) MICROGEL PARTICLES......Page 149
B. COLLOIDAL STABILITY......Page 153
VI. SOME FINE APPLICATIONS OF POLY(NIPAM)- BASED PARTICLES IN BIOMEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC......Page 154
VII. CONCLUSION......Page 155
REFERENCES......Page 156
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 160
A. STRUCTURE AND FORMULATION OF MICROEMULSIONS......Page 162
B. POLYMERIZATION IN MICROEMULSIONS......Page 163
A. BACKGROUND......Page 165
B. PREPARATION OF FUNCTIONALIZED NANOPARTICLES BY COPOLYMERIZATION WITH FUNCTIONAL AND REACTIVE COMONOMERS IN OIL- IN- WATER MICROEMULSIONS [ 23 – 25,27,28]......Page 167
C. PREPARATION OF FUNCTIONALIZED NANOPARTICLES BY COPOLYMERIZATION IN OIL- IN- WATER MICROEMULSIONS STABILIZED WITH POLYMERIZABLE COSURFACTANTS [ 23,25]......Page 176
D. PREPARATION OF FUNCTIONALIZED NANOPARTICLES BY COPOLYMERIZATION IN OIL- IN- WATER MICROEMULSIONS STABILIZED WITH POLYMERIZABLE SURFACTANTS [ 57,58,65]......Page 180
E. CONCLUSION......Page 181
A. SURFACE REACTIONS ON NANOPARTICLES BEARING REACTIVE SURFACE END GROUPS [24]......Page 182
C. CONCLUSION......Page 188
A. SELECTIVE METAL-COMPLEXING NANOPARTICLES: PROPERTIES AND USES AS NANOSENSORS......Page 189
B. NANOPARTICLES AS SUPPORTS OR CARRIERS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS......Page 195
IV. CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 196
REFERENCES......Page 197
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 203
II. HOLLOW PARTICLES OBTAINED THROUGH DIRECT POLYMERIZATION TECHNIQUES......Page 204
A. EMULSION AND MINIEMULSION POLYMERIZATIONS......Page 205
B. SUSPENSION AND DISPERSION POLYMERIZATIONS......Page 209
III. HOLLOW PARTICLES BY COLLOIDAL TEMPLATING......Page 210
A. INORGANIC PARTICLES AS TEMPLATE......Page 211
B. POLYMER COLLOIDS AS TEMPLATE......Page 216
IV. VESICLES, LIPOSOMES, AND ASSEMBLIES......Page 221
A. VESICLES......Page 222
B. LIPOSOMES......Page 224
A. BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS......Page 226
B. OTHER APPLICATIONS......Page 228
VI. CONCLUSIONS......Page 229
REFERENCES......Page 230
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 238
II. THE MINIEMULSION PROCESS......Page 239
A. LECITHIN......Page 242
B. CHOLIC ACID......Page 243
D. CHITOSAN......Page 245
IV. EPOXY HYBRID PARTICLES USING CHITOSAN AS REACTIVE SURFACTANT......Page 248
VI. FORMATION OF BIOCOMPATIBLE NANOCAPSULES......Page 249
VII. ENCAPSULATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS USING MINIEMULSION PROCESSES......Page 252
VIII. CONCLUSION......Page 253
REFERENCES......Page 254
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 257
II. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY......Page 259
A. PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF STERICALLY STABILIZED CONDUCTING POLYMER LATEX PARTICLES......Page 263
B. CONDUCTING POLYMER-SILICA NANOCOMPOSITES......Page 268
C. CONDUCTING POLYMER-COATED LATEX PARTICLES......Page 278
IV. CONCLUSION......Page 291
REFERENCES......Page 292
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 297
A. INTRODUCTION......Page 298
B. METHODS OF SYNTHESIZING FERROFLUIDS......Page 299
C. COLLOIDAL STABILITY......Page 303
A. INTRODUCTION......Page 304
B. SEPARATED SYNTHESIS OF POLYMER AND MAGNETIC COMPONENTS......Page 305
C. SYNTHESIS OF MAGNETIC MATERIAL ON POLYMER PARTICLES......Page 308
D. POLYMERIZATION IN THE PRESENCE OF MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES......Page 313
IV. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION......Page 325
REFERENCES......Page 326
II. SUSPENSION POLYMERIZATION......Page 331
A. HYDROGEL BEADS IN THE SWELLABLE FORM......Page 332
B. POLYCATIONIC GEL BEADS......Page 336
III. DISPERSION POLYMERIZATION......Page 338
A. SINGLE-STAGE PROCESS......Page 339
B. MULTISTAGE PROCEDURES FOR FUNCTIONAL LATEX PARTICLES......Page 342
IV. MACROPOROUS LATEX PARTICLES......Page 343
A. FUNCTIONALIZATION OF MONODISPERSE- MACROPOROUS PARTICLES......Page 351
REFERENCES......Page 358
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 362
II. FORCES ACTING BETWEEN A SURFACE AND A POLYMER PARTICLE......Page 364
A. COULOMBIC FORCES OR ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTIONS......Page 365
B. VAN DER WAALS INTERACTIONS......Page 366
C. DLVO THEORY......Page 367
D. HYDROGEN BONDING......Page 368
F. CAPILLARITY......Page 369
III. SUBSTRATE MODIFICATIONS......Page 370
A. SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS......Page 371
B. LANGMUIR-BLODGETT FILMS......Page 372
A. ELECTROSTATIC ADSORPTION......Page 375
B. FLUID-MEDIATED DYNAMIC PROCESS......Page 377
C. LANGMUIR-BLODGETT TECHNIQUE......Page 378
D. ELECTROPHORESIS......Page 379
E. SELF-ASSEMBLY......Page 381
F. MANIPULATION......Page 382
V. BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS......Page 383
VI. CONCLUSIONS......Page 385
REFERENCES......Page 386
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 391
A. CENTRIFUGATION......Page 392
B. FILTRATION AND ULTRAFILTRATION......Page 393
A. STATIC LIGHT SCATTERING......Page 394
B. DYNAMIC LIGHT SCATTERING......Page 395
IV. SURFACE CHARGE DENSITY......Page 397
V. MORPHOLOGY STUDY......Page 402
A. COLLOIDAL FORCES......Page 404
B. FORCE MEASUREMENT BETWEEN PARTICLES......Page 406
A. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY AND ZETA POTENTIAL......Page 419
B. INFLUENCE OF PH ON THE ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY......Page 422
C. INFLUENCE OF THE IONIC STRENGTH ON THE ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY......Page 423
VIII. HYDROPHILIC – HYDROPHOBIC CHARACTER OF LATEX SURFACES......Page 424
A. CONTACT ANGLE MEASUREMENT......Page 425
IX. CONCLUSION......Page 426
REFERENCES......Page 427
A. GENERAL INTRODUCTION......Page 429
B. MICROGEL SYNTHESIS: STRUCTURE – PROPERTY RELATIONSHIP......Page 431
A. THE ELECTRICAL DOUBLE LAYER AND POTENTIAL......Page 433
B. ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY OF SOFT PARTICLES......Page 435
A. INTRODUCTION TO SANS......Page 438
B. SANS STUDIES OF SOFT PARTICLES......Page 442
IV. CONCLUSIONS......Page 445
REFERENCES......Page 446