Cochlear Implantation for Cochlear Nerve Deficiency

✍ Scribed by Yongxin Li (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 116
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Having been found in 3%-21% patients with congenital sensorineural deafness, cochlear nerve deficiency (CND) is defined by a small or absent cochlear nerve. This book describes the updated information on the embryology, pre- and post- operative auditory, electrophysiology and vestibular aspects of CND. What’s more, the cochlear implantation (CI) strategy and CI outcomes as well as comparison with normal patients will be discussed in details with selected cases and high resolution illustrations. It will be a valuable reference for otologists, audiologists and practitioners who would like to understand more about CND and choose optimal clinical strategy of CI surgery for CND.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
1: The Embryology of the Cochlear Nerve and Its Radiological Relevance
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Embryology of the Cochlear Nerve
1.3 Cross-section of IAC of Normal Anatomy Inner Ear as Seen in MRI of a Pediatric Case
1.4 Embryology of Cochlear Nerve Deficiency (CND)
1.5 Cross-section of IAC of Different Inner Ear Anatomical Types in Pediatric Cases
1.6 Cross-section of IAC of Different Anatomical Type with CND
1.7 Conclusion
References
2: Pathogenesis of Cochlear Nerve Deficiency
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Pathogenesis of Cochlear Nerve Deficiency
2.2.1 Congenital Development
2.2.2 Acquired Degeneration
2.3 Cytomegalovirus and CND
2.3.1 Murine Cytomegalovirus
2.3.2 Human Congenital Cytomegalovirus
2.4 Case Analysis
2.5 Conclusion
References
3: The Value of Computed Tomography in Predicting Stenotic Bony Cochlear Nerve Canal
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The Prediction Function of BCNC for CND
3.3 The Formation of BCNC
3.4 The Value of BCNC
3.5 CT Scanning Protocol of the Temporal Bone
3.6 The Comparison with Other Radiology Methods
3.7 Conclusion
3.8 Cases Examples
References
4: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of Cochlear Nerve Deficiency
4.1 Introduction
4.2 MRI Findings of CND
4.3 Correlation Between MRI Findings and CI Outcomes in Deafness with CND
4.4 Conclusion
References
5: Preoperative Auditory and Electrophysiological Evaluation for Cochlear Nerve Deficiency
5.1 Audiological Characteristics of Patients with CND
5.1.1 Pure Tone Audiometry
5.1.2 Pediatric Audiometry
5.1.3 Speech Audiometry
5.1.4 Immittance Test Battery
5.1.5 Otoacoustic Emissions
5.1.6 ABR and Cochlear Microphonic
5.1.7 Other Auditory Evoked Potentials
5.2 Applications of EABR
5.2.1 EABR
5.2.2 ECAP
References
6: Cochlear Implantation Strategies and Techniques for Cochlear Nerve Deficiency Patients
6.1 Introduction
6.2 CND without Inner Ear Malformation
6.3 CND with Inner Ear Malformation
6.3.1 Rudimentary Otocyst
6.3.2 Cochlear Aplasia
6.3.3 Common Cavity Deformity
6.3.4 Cochlear Hypoplasia
6.3.5 Incomplete Partition Type I
6.3.6 Incomplete Partition Type II
6.4 Conclusion
References
7: Programming Cochlear Implants for Cochlear Nerve Deficiency
7.1 Initial Stimulation
7.2 Follow-Up Programming
7.3 Tips for Programming of Cochlear Nerve Deficiency
7.4 Our Cases and Experience
7.4.1 Special Cases
7.4.2 Cases Series and Statistical Results
7.5 Conclusion
References
8: Cochlear Implantation Outcomes of Cochlear Nerve Deficiency
8.1 Auditory and Speech Outcomes of Cochlear Nerve Deficiency (CND)
8.1.1 Assessment
8.1.2 Level of CI Outcomes
8.1.3 Comparison with Normal CN
8.2 Radiological Factor
8.2.1 IAC
8.2.2 BCNC
8.2.3 Vestibulocochlear Nerve and FN
8.2.4 CN Classification
8.3 Electrophysiological Factor
8.3.1 EABR
8.3.2 ECAP
8.4 CI Outcomes of CND Patients in Our Research
8.4.1 Auditory and Speech Outcomes
8.4.1.1 CND Patients
8.4.1.2 Patients with CND with Normal Cochlea
8.4.1.3 CND Patients with IEM
8.4.2 Preoperative Factors Associated with Auditory and Speech Outcomes
8.4.2.1 CND Patients
8.4.2.2 CND Patients with Normal Cochlea
8.4.2.3 CND Patients with IEM
8.4.3 Machine Learning-Based Prediction of CI Outcomes in CND Patients with Normal Cochlea
8.5 Conclusion
References
9: Vestibular and Balance Function of Patients with Cochlear Nerve Deficiency
9.1 Vestibular Function Assessment Methods
9.1.1 Caloric Test
9.1.2 Video Head Impulse Test (vHIT)
9.1.3 Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential (VEMP)
9.1.4 Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI)
9.1.5 Pediatric Vestibular Symptom Questionnaire (PVSQ)
9.2 Balance Function Assessment Methods
9.2.1 Computerized Dynamic Posturography (CDP)
9.3 Vestibular and Balance Function Pre- and Post-CI Surgery
9.4 Vestibular Function of Patients with Cochlear Nerve Deficiency (CND)
9.5 Conclusions
References
Diagnosis and Treatment Strategies for Cochlear Nerve Deficiency: A Summary of the Entire Book