Coastal-Offshore Ecosystem Interactions

• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 376
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

About The Product

Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Lecture Notes on Coastal and Estuarine Studies Series.

Jansson, B.-O. (ed.). Coastal-offshore ecosystem interaction. Lecture Notes on Coastal and Estuarine Studies. Springer Verlag 22:

Interactions between coastal and offshore ecosystems are considered, focusing on four aspects. 1. Water exchange, crucial for most couplings is classified for two types of system: shallow coastal areas and narrow, deep shelf areas. 2. Mass balance studies of tidal flats, salt marshes, mangroves, fjord systems and coral reefs give a strong indication of recirculation of nutrients and suggest that imported organic material mostly remains in the nearshore areas. 3. Active transport is demonstrated for fish and crustacean species occupying coastal nurseries. Both crab and shrimp larvae are vertical migrators which by reacting to fine-tuned hydrodynamics are retained, in favourable adult habitats. 4. Numerical modelling as a means of synthesizing relevant physical and biological processes is analyzed for several existing ecosystem models and recommendations for suitable techniques are made.

Evaluation of present evidence shows that: a) on a global scale and of the scale of years to decades, outwelling is quantitatively insignificant in the biogeochemistry or productivity of the sea b) productivity of many coastal systems are determined in the short term more by recycling than by inputs, though the relationship between the two remains to be determined c) "information flows" in the form of oceanic populations using the coastal areas as nursery grounds are important.

Content:

✦ Table of Contents

Title Page......Page 2
Copyright......Page 3
Contents......Page 5
Abstract......Page 7
Background and Acknowledgements
......Page 8
Guide to the Contents
......Page 12
Contributors......Page 15
I. Water Exchange
......Page 17
1. Introduction......Page 18
2. Tidal Nixing and Flushing
......Page 21
3. Non-Tidal Exchanges
......Page 34
4. Transport of Particulate Matter
......Page 46
5. Discussion......Page 50
References......Page 52
1. Introduction......Page 55
2. Scales......Page 57
3. Turbulence......Page 59
4. Wind......Page 60
5. Transport......Page 61
6. Entrainment......Page 62
References......Page 63
2. Materials and Methods
......Page 65
3. Results......Page 67
4. Discussion......Page 80
References......Page 81
II. Mass Balance Studies......Page 82
The Use of Stable Isotope Ratios for Tracing the Nearshore-Offshore Exchange of Organic Matter
......Page 83
1. Introduction......Page 84
2. Major Tracers for Organic Matter - A Critical Review
......Page 85
3. Distinguishing Terrestrial From Marine Organic Matter......Page 92
4. Tracing Anthropogenic Pollutants......Page 104
5. Combinations of Techniques
......Page 105
References......Page 108
1. Introduction......Page 116
2. Tides......Page 117
3. Waves......Page 118
4. Salinity and Temperature
......Page 119
5. Grain Size Distribution and Sediment Transport
......Page 120
6. Interstitial Hater......Page 122
7. Cycle of Organic Matter
......Page 124
8. Processes in the Sediments
......Page 127
9. Effects of Eutrophication
......Page 131
10. Conclusions......Page 133
References......Page 134
1. Introduction......Page 136
2. Evaluating Estuarine-Coastal Coupling - the Approa
......Page 137
3. The Mass Balance Approach......Page 139
4. Patterns in Coupling Between Estuarine and Coastal Waters
......Page 157
5. Factors Influencing Mass Balance Estimations of Coupling
......Page 160
6. Conclusions......Page 165
Acknowledgements......Page 166
References......Page 167
1. Introduction......Page 169
2. Approach......Page 170
3. Mass Balances of the Mangrove Subsystem
......Page 172
4. Mass Balances of the Estuarine Subsystem
......Page 179
5. Outwelling to Coastal Waters
......Page 184
5. Conclusions......Page 188
References......Page 190
2. Litterfall Production......Page 195
3. Organic Matter Transport......Page 197
4. Conclusions......Page 200
References......Page 201
2. Environmental Characteristics......Page 202
3. System Variability......Page 205
4. Mass Balance Studies......Page 209
5. Discussion......Page 217
References......Page 220
MASS BALANCE IN CORAL REEF-DOMINATED AREAS......Page 223
1. Introduction......Page 241
2. The Problem......Page 242
3. A Large-Scale Perspective
......Page 248
4. Synopsis......Page 258
References......Page 263
III. Active Transport......Page 268
1. Introduction......Page 269
2. Types of Coastal Offshore Relations in Fish Stocks
......Page 271
3. Estimates of Coastal-Offshore Transport by Fishes
......Page 277
References......Page 282
Larval Transport In Coastal Crustacea: Three Case Histories......Page 285
1. Introduction......Page 286
2. Case Histories......Page 287
3. Discussion......Page 296
4. Conclusions......Page 298
References......Page 299
1. Introduction......Page 303
2. Models Resulting in Retention
......Page 304
3. Behavioral Basis of Retention
......Page 306
4. Models for Return of Exported Larvae
......Page 307
5. Case Studies......Page 309
6. Conclusions......Page 314
References......Page 315
IV. Numerical Modelling......Page 318
1. Introduction......Page 319
2. One-Dimensional Models
......Page 322
3. Two-Dimensional Models
......Page 337
4. Three-Dimensional Models
......Page 350
5. Final Remarks......Page 359
References......Page 360
V. Coastal-Offshore Interactions......Page 365
1. Water Exchange......Page 366
2. Mass Balance Studies......Page 367
3. Active Transports......Page 370
4. Numerical Modelling......Page 371
5. Conclusions......Page 372
Subject Index......Page 373