Cloud-Native DevOps: Building Scalable and Reliable Applications

✍ Scribed by Mohammed Ilyas Ahmed

• Publisher: Apress
• Year: 2024
• Tongue: English
• Edition: 1st ed., First Edition
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book delivers cloud-based applications that are both scalable and reliable, aligning with the evolving needs of the present user base. This innovative approach blends the agility of cloud computing with the efficiency of contemporary DevOps methodologies.

The book starts by providing valuable insights into the ever-evolving software landscape of Cloud-native DevOps. It delves into strategies for crafting scalable and dependable applications and illustrates the art of leveraging open-source tools to enhance collaboration. It navigates through the integral role of microservices in contemporary software development and imparts the know-how to integrate them with DevOps practices. The book simplifies container technology, with a focus on Docker and Kubernetes. It further elucidates the process of streamlining software delivery through Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment (CI/CD). As you progress, you will explore open-source tools, including Argo, Kubeflow Pipelines, and AWS Step Functions. The concluding section covers real-world case studies and best practices for implementing Cloud-native DevOps. The book reviews the core concepts covered throughout and provides an exciting glimpse into the future of Cloud-native DevOps.

Upon completing this book, you will be well-versed in the principles and practices of Cloud-native DevOps, understand real-world applications, and recognize the critical importance of security in cloud computing.

What You Will Learn

Create cloud-based applications that can scale with the changing needs of today’s user base
Combine the flexibility of cloud computing with the efficiency of modern DevOps methodologies
Understand the core concepts and principles of Cloud-native DevOps
Understand microservices, containers, and continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD)

✦ Table of Contents

Table of Contents
About the Author
About the Technical Reviewer
Chapter 1: Unveiling the Cloud- Native Paradigm
Pre-cloud Era
Evolution of Cloud Native
Shift from Mainframe Computing to a Cloud-Native Approach
Advantages of Cloud-Native Computing over Mainframe
Disadvantages of Cloud-Native Computing over Mainframe
The Twelve-Factor App
Introduction and Understanding of Cloud Native
What Is CNCF?
Core Pillars of Cloud Native
Containerization
Continuous Integration and Delivery
Serverless Computing
Advantages of Serverless Cloud Computing
Popular Serverless Computing Platforms
Disadvantages of Serverless Cloud Computing
Cloud Concept
Key Features of a Public Cloud
Downside of Public Cloud
Key Features of a Private Cloud
Downside of Private Cloud
Key Features of Hybrid Cloud
Downside of Hybrid Cloud
Differences Between IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS
Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)
Advantages of IaaS
Disadvantages of IaaS
Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
Advantages of PaaS
Disadvantages of PaaS
Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
Advantages of SaaS
Disadvantages of SaaS
Cloud Native Maturity Model (CNMM)
Layers of Cloud-Native Landscape
Provisioning Layer
Runtime Layer
Orchestration and Management Layer
Application Definition and Development Layer
Summary
Chapter 2: Cloud-Native DevOps Architectural Overview
Introduction to DevOps in Cloud-Native Environment
What Is DevOps?
Principles of DevOps
7C’s of DevOps Life Cycle
Continuous Development
Continuous Integration
Continuous Testing
Continuous Deployment
Benefits of Infrastructure Automation
Continuous Feedback
Continuous Monitoring
Continuous Operations
Kubernetes Scalability
What Is Kubernetes?
Fundamental Architecture of Kubernetes Cluster
Master Node
Worker Node
Hardened Installation of Kubernetes
Perform the Following Steps on Master Node
Perform the Following Steps on the Worker Node
Kube-bench for Security of Kubernetes Cluster
Steps to Set Kube-bench on Your Nodes
Scaling of Kubernetes
Recommended Practices for Kubernetes Scaling
Manual Scaling
What Is Autoscaling?
Kubernetes Autoscaling
Horizontal Pod Autoscaling (HPA)
Description of Each Attribute Described in the Preceding YAML File
Vertical Pod Autoscaling (VPA)
Comparison of Monolithic and Public Managed Kubernetes Cluster
Summary
Chapter 3: Security in Cloud-Native Applications with a Shift-Left Approach
Introduction to Shift-Left Security in Cloud Native
Shift-Left Secure Right
Risk from Third-Party Components
Embracing Technologies to Shift Left
1. Static Application System Testing (SAST)
2. Dynamic Application Security Testing (DAST)
3. Interactive Application Security Testing (IAST)
4. Software Composition Analysis (SCA)
5. Runtime Application Self-protection (RASP)
6. IaC Scanning
7. Infrastructure Scanning
8. Compliance Check
Security Testing with Shift-Left Approach
Benefits of Shift-Left Strategy
Infrastructure as Code (IaC) and Security
Role of IaC in Cloud Native
Security Strategy Using IaC for Organizations
Tools for IaC Security
IaC with Terraform
Terraform Working
Terraform Architecture
IaC Tools
Value Proposition of IaC Tools
Best Practices for IaC
Securing API in Early Stages
Common API Risk Factors
What Is API Security Testing?
Securing API Using Pynt
Working of Pynt
Pynt Setup
Pynt Security Testing
Summary
Chapter 4: CI/CD Pipeline in Cloud-Native DevOps
Overview of CI/CD
C1/CD Principles
Principles of Continuous Integration
Principles of Continuous Delivery
CI/CD Pipeline Stages
Source Stage
Build Stage
Test Stage
Deploy Stage
CI/CD Best Practices in Cloud Native
Benefits of CI/CD in Cloud-Native DevOps
Integration of Version Control
Version Control Overview
CI/CD Build Tool Implementation
Cloud-Agnostic in CI/CD Pipeline
CI/CD Pipeline Using Jenkins
Security in CI/CD
Threats in CI/CD
Automated Tools for Securing CI/CD Pipeline
Static Application Security Testing (SAST)
Dynamic Application Security Testing (DAST)
Interactive Application Security Testing (IAST)
Securing a CI/CD Pipeline: Recommended Approaches
Summary
Chapter 5: Open-Source Tools for Cloud-Native DevOps
Overview of Open-Source Tools in Cloud Native
Argo Streamlining Workflows
Getting Started with Argo
Concepts of Argo CD
Application
Target State
Argo Controller
Sync
Live State
Refresh
Implementation of Argo Workflows Using Custom Kubernetes Resources
Implementation of CI/CD Through Argo Workflows
Integration of Argo CD and Kubernetes
Kubeflow Pipelines
Kubeflow Overview
Problem Identification
Source, Prepare, and Analyze Data
Kubeflow Principles
Kubeflow Pipelines
Kubeflow in Cloud Native Applications
Future Trends in Cloud-Native DevOps Tools
DataOps
AIOps (Artificial Intelligence for IT Operations)
Hyperautomation
Adoption of Cloud-Native Technologies
Infrastructure as Code (IaC) Management
Artificial Intelligence (AI) Evolution
Security and Compliance
Collaboration Between DevOps Teams
Fresh Dimension in Quantum Computing
Adapting to Change
Artificial Intelligence for IT Operations (AIOps)
ChatOps
GitOps
No Operations (NoOps)
Summary
Chapter 6: Scalability and Autoscaling Strategies
Scaling Principles in Cloud-Native Applications
Utilizing Automation in Cloud-Native Architecture
Several Key Areas Within Cloud-Native ­Architecture Are Ripe for Automation
Infrastructure Provisioning and Management
Monitoring and Remediation
Continuous Integration/Continuous Delivery (CI/CD)
Dynamic Scaling
Multi-cloud Strategies
Reactive and Preemptive Scaling
Reactive Scaling
Preemptive Scaling
Cloud Native for Edge Computing
Autoscaling Implementation in AWS
Benefits of Autoscaling
Steps to Create Autoscaling
Future Trends in Scalability and Autoscaling
Machine Learning-Driven Autoscaling
Serverless Architectures and Event-Driven Scaling
Edge Computing and Distributed Scaling
Hybrid and Multi-cloud Scalability
Cost-Efficient Autoscaling Strategies
Summary
Chapter 7: Collaborative Development in the Cloud Native
Enabling Collaboration Between Developers and Operations
DevOps Culture
Agile and Scrum Methodology in Cloud Native
Benefits of Agile Methodology
Roles in Scrum
Artifacts in Scrum
Optimizing Cloud-Based Data Flow
Data Pipeline Architecture Factors
Prioritize Compliance in the Initial Stage
Best Practices in Data Pipeline Architecture
Consider Future Growth When Planning for Performance and Scalability
ETL Processes and Supply Chain Management
Transition from on-prem to ETL
Securing Cloud-Integrated Logistics Operations
Capabilities of Cloud Computing in Supply Chain Management
Summary
Chapter 8: IAM Security in Cloud- Native Environment
IAM Fundamentals in Cloud-Native Environments
Foundational Elements of Cloud-Native IAM Infrastructure
Fundamental Pillars of IAM
IAM Components
Least Privileges Principles
Implementation of Least Privileges
IAM Best Practices for Service Accounts and API Access
Key Components of User Management in Cloud-Native Applications
Implementation of User Management in Cloud Native
Secure Handling of API Keys
Least Privilege for Service Accounts
Difficulties Associated with Service Accounts
Best Practices for Managing Service Accounts
IAM Governance and Policy Management in Cloud Native
Governance
Risk Management
Compliance
IAM Standards
Building Concrete IAM
Summary
Chapter 9: Threat Analysis for Cloud-Native Deployments
Understanding Cloud-Native Security Challenges
Type of Threats in Cloud Native
Challenges in Cloud-Native Security
3R’s of Cloud-Native Security
Security Controls in Cloud Native
Threat Vectors in Microservices Architectures
Threat Modeling with STRIDE
Security Testing and Validation
Red Teaming in Cloud Native
Implementation Steps
Best Practices in Cloud-Native Security
Conduct Due Diligence
Audit and Improve Configurations
Security Controls and Countermeasures
Key Management in Cloud Native
Summary
Chapter 10: Future Trends in Cloud Native
Serverless Computing and Function as a Service (FaaS)
Benefits of Serverless Computing
Function as a Service (FaaS)
Benefits of FaaS
Best Practices for FaaS
Key Challenges in Serverless Computing
AI and Machine Learning Integration Intersection in Cloud Native
Challenges and Considerations Implementing AI in Cloud Native
Challenges in Security and Compliance
Complexity in Deployment and Model Training
Obstacles in Data Integration
Scalability Management
Best Practices of Integrating AI/ML in Cloud Native
Evolution of Containerization Technologies Beyond Docker and Kubernetes
The Rise of No-Code/Low-Code Platforms in DevOps Workflows
Benefits of No Code and Low Code
Use of No Code and Low Code
Summary
Index