CLINICAL PAIN MANAGEMENT : a practical guide.

• Publisher: WILEY-BLACKWELL
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 508
• Edition: 2
• Category: Library

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
List of Contributors
Foreword to First Edition
Foreword to Second Edition
Part 1 Basic Understanding of Pain Medicine
Chapter 1 The challenge of pain: a multidimensional phenomenon
Introduction
References
Chapter 2 Epidemiology and economics of chronic and recurrent pain
Introduction
Expert-Based Classification of Pain
Epidemiology of Chronic Noncancer Pain and Recurrent Pain
Musculoskeletal pain
Rheumatological diagnoses
Headache
Neuropathic Pain
Pelvic Pain
Temporomandibular Disorders
IASP Primary classification (also referred to as chronic widespread pain and Central Sensitivity Syndromes (CSS))
Factors associated with chronic and recurrent pain
Demographic factors
Occupational factors
Role of disability compensation
Economic impact of chronic pain
Back Pain
Osteoarthritis
Headache
Pelvic Pain
Mental Health
Conclusions
References
Chapter 3 Basic mechanisms and pathophysiology
Introduction
Primary afferent neurons
Nociceptor subtypes
Nociceptors and noxious stimulus detection
Organization of the “pain system”
Sensitization and persistent pain
Analgesic targets
Clinical considerations
References
Chapter 4 Psychosocial perspectives on chronic pain
Introduction
Modeling the network of biological, psychological and social determinants of pain
Psychosocial factors in best practice
The person in pain
Caregivers
Pain management
Conclusions
References
Chapter 5 Identification of risk and protective factors in the transition from acute to chronic post surgical pain
Introduction
Definition and Epidemiology of CPSP
Understanding Risk and Attributing Causality to Outcomes
Factors Associated with CPSP
Multi-modal Preventive Approaches
Summary and Conclusion
References
Chapter 6 Placebo/nocebo: a two-sided coin in the clinician’s hand
Introduction
Before we begin: a few facts on placebo/nocebo
Proposed mechanisms of placebo/nocebo effects
Neurobiology of placebo analgesia
Neurobiology of nocebo hyperalgesia
The coin in the clinician’s hand
Conclusions
References
Chapter 7 Knowledge transfer to patients experiencing pain and poor sleep and sleep disorder
Assessment of pain and sleep interactions
The circular pain and sleep interactions
Pain processing during sleep and its consequences
Sleep Disorders in Patients With Pain
Advice Helping Pain and Sleep Patients: Behavioral to Medical (see Figures 7.2 and 7.3).
Final take home messages
References
Chapter 8 Clinical assessment in adult patients
Introduction
The history
Patient expectations and goals
Psychological history
Personal social vocational history
Functional impact
Measurement of pain and screening instruments
Physical examination
Observation
Musculoskeletal examination
Inspection
Range of motion
Palpation
Special tests
Neurological examination
Cranial nerves
Motor examination
Sensory examination
Reflexes
Cerebellar examination
Conclusions
References
Part 2 Assessment of Pain
Chapter 9 Measurement and assessment of pain in pediatric patients
Introduction
Comprehensive pain assessment in children
Obtaining a pain history
Approaches to measuring pain in children
Tools for assessing pain in children
Behavioral tools
Physiological indicators
Pain assessment in infants
Pain assessment in children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD)
Other approaches for assessing pain in children
Choosing the right pain assessment measure
Frequency of pain assessment and documentation
Conclusions
References
Chapter 10 Laboratory investigations, imaging and neurological assessment in pain management
General principles
Common laboratory, imaging and neurological investigations for the patient living with chronic pain
Imaging studies
Neurophysiological and other neurological investigations
Interventional diagnostic procedures
Conclusions
References
Chapter 11 Psychological assessment of persons with chronic pain
Introduction
Components of a psychological assessment
Clinical Interviews
Substance use disorder assessment
Use of innovative technology to assess pain
Future directions
References
Part 3 Management
Chapter 12 Introduction to management
Overview
Start with the basics
Conclusions
References
Chapter 13 Managing chronic pain in primary care
Introduction
Management of Chronic Pain in Primary Care
Agreeing Shared Treatment Goals
Relevant Guidelines for Assessing and Managing Chronic Pain
Drug Interventions
Non-Drug Interventions
Psychological Approaches
Self-Management
Physiotherapy and Exercise
Peripheral Nervous System Stimulation
Complementary Therapies
Pain-Management Programs (PMPs)
Referral to specialist pain clinic
Conclusions
References
Chapter 14 Medical nutrition therapy for chronic pain management
Introduction
Current literature exploring the role of diet and chronic pain
Other Nutrition Considerations
Conclusions
References
Chapter 15 Physical therapy and rehabilitation
Pain and Physical Therapies
Synthesizing Assessment Findings with Treatment Planning
Summary
References
Part 4 Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 16 Antidepressant analgesics in the management of chronic pain
Introduction
Pharmacological mechanisms
Safety profile
Chronic pain conditions
Children and adolescents
Summary
References
Chapter 17 Anticonvulsants in the management of chronic pain
Introduction
Antiepileptics in chronic pain: mechanisms of action
AEDs in neuropathic pain
AEDs in migraine
AEDs in fibromyalgia
Other AEDs
Safety and dosing
Conclusions
References
Chapter 18 Opioids
Introduction
Pharmacology
Patient selection and risk stratification
Monitoring and management
Opioid Tapering and Discontinuation
Opioid use During Pregnancy
Conclusions
References
Chapter 19 Topical analgesics
Introduction
Topical therapeutics that block sensory input
Topical therapeutics that activate inhibitory systems
Topical analgesics that target peripheral sources of pathology
Topical combinations
Topical therapeutics for mucosal tissue
Current advancements in topical analgesics
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 20 Cannabis and cannabinoid for pain
Introduction
The complexity of cannabinoids as a medication
Indications for cannabinoids in the management of pain
Maximizing the safety and efficacy of cannabinoids
Side effects and drug-drug interactions of cannabinoids
Conclusions
References
Chapter 21 Combined pharmacotherapy for chronic pain management
Introduction
Current status of drug therapy for chronic pain
Clinical rationale for analgesic combinations
Optimizing the potential benefits of combination pharmacotherapy
Combination pharmacotherapy for different chronic pain conditions – current status
Clinical implementation of combination pharmacotherapy
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Part 5 Interventional
Chapter 22 Diagnostic and therapeutic blocks
Diagnostic block
Therapeutic intervention/block
Peripheral nerve intervention
Spinal intervention
Musculoskeletal intervention
Conclusion
References
Chapter 23 Neuromodulation therapy
Introduction
Spinal Cord Stimulation
DRG Stimulation
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
Intrathecal Drug Delivery Systems
Conclusion
References
Chapter 24 Neurosurgical management of pain
Introduction
Anatomic
Spinal Disorders
Neuromodulatory
Neuroablation
Peripheral nervous system
Spinal Cord
Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
Part 6 Psychological
Chapter 25 Pain self-management: theory and process for clinicians
Introduction
What is self-management?
Background: Stanford self-management program model
Content, process and strategies to enhance self-efficacy
Effectiveness of pain self-management programs: main findings
Getting started: conducting a needs assessment
Focus groups
Conclusions and resources
References
Chapter 26 Psychological interventions: a focus on cognitive-behavioral therapy
Introduction
How pain is processed in the brain: An overview and therapeutic rationale
What “turns up the volume on pain” versus “what turns down the volume on pain”?
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for chronic pain management
Conclusions
References
Chapter 27 Pain catastrophizing and fear of movement: detection and intervention
Pain catastrophizing
Assessment of catastrophizing
Treatments aimed at reducing catastrophizing
Assessment of fear of movement
Treatments aimed at reducing fear of movement
Summary
References
Part 7 Complementary Therapies
28 Complementary and Integrative Approaches for Pain Relief
Categories of Complementary and Integrative Health Approaches Based on Primary Therapeutic Input
Primary Dietary Input
Primary Psychological and Physical Input
Psychological and Physical Input
Combined/Multimodal Input
Therapeutic Output—Systems Impacted and Challenges of Mechanistic Research
General Challenges with Integrating Complementary Approaches into Pain Medicine
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Part 8 Specific Clinical States
Chapter 29 Chronic low back pain
Introduction
Clinical evaluation
Trivial findings and the “pseudo-diagnosis”
Natural history
Progression to chronic low back pain
Treatment of chronic LBP with only common degenerative changes
Pharmacotherapy
Alternative therapies
Percutaneous injections, nerve ablation and heating techniques
Surgery
Conclusions
References
Chapter 30 Fibromyalgia syndrome and myofascial pain syndromes
Introduction
Definitions
Prevalence
Course and prognosis
Diagnosis of fibromyalgia syndrome
Diagnosis of myofascial pain syndrome
Basic mechanisms
Treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome
Conclusions
References
Chapter 31 Clinical pain management in the rheumatic diseases
Introduction
Basic mechanisms in rheumatic pain
Anatomic considerations
The active inflammatory setting
The chronic rheumatic process
Clinical practice
Treatment
1. Lifestyle and self-help measures
2. Pharmacotherapy
Herbal medicine and food supplements
3. Invasive procedures
4. Physical therapy
5. Psycho-social interventions
Obstacles to optimal pain management
Conclusions
Chapter 32 Headache
Introduction
Evaluation and diagnostic testing
Migraine
Description of the migraine attack
Pathophysiology
Treatment
Preventive treatment
Chronic daily headache
Medication overuse headache
Treatment
Tension-type headache
Management
Cluster headache and other trigeminal autonomic cephalgias
Management
Trigeminal neuralgia
Conclusions
References
Chapter 33 Orofacial pain
Introduction
Orofacial nociceptive processes
Primary afferent mechanisms
Brainstem mechanisms
Thalamocortical mechanisms
Modulatory influences
Clinical aspects
Temporomandibular disorders
Tooth pain
Idiopathic Orofacial Pain
Persistent Idiopathic Facial Pain and Persistent Idiopathic Dentoalveolar Pain
Constant Unilateral Facial Pain with Additional Attacks
Orofacial Pains Resembling Presentations of Primary Headaches
References
Chapter 34 Visceral pain
Introduction
Basic mechanisms of visceral pain
Molecular mechanisms of visceral sensation
Structural elements of visceral sensation
Central processing of visceral sensation
Sensitization and visceral pain
Pain without peripheral input
Evidence-based treatment strategies
Interventions targeting peripheral pathways
Interventions targeting luminal contents
Interventions targeting visceral contractions
Interventions targeting central processing
Alternative and complementary therapies
Management of common visceral pain syndromes
Inflammatory bowel disease
Chronic pelvic pain
Conclusions
References
Chapter 35 Pelvic and urogenital pain
Introduction
Etiology
Evaluation
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Interstitial Cystitis or Bladder Pain Syndrome
Endometriosis
Vulvodynia
Myofascial pain
Treatment
Disease-specific treatment
Endometriosis
Irritable bowel syndrome
Interstitial cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome
Vulvodynia/Vestibulodynia
Myofascial Pelvic Pain
Pain-specific treatment
Conclusions
References
Chapter 36 Neuropathic pain
Introduction
Basic mechanisms
Clinical picture
Clinical examination
Other diagnostic procedures
Grading of the certainty of the diagnosis of neuropathic pain
Management of neuropathic pain
Pharmacotherapy of neuropathic pain
Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia
Conclusions
References
Chapter 37 Complex regional pain syndrome
History
Introduction
Diagnosis and Influencing Factors
Adjuncts to Diagnosis
Pathophysiology
Management of CRPS
Immunomodulation and the Future
Functional Restoration
CRPS in children
References
Chapter 38 Cancer pain management
Introduction
Basic mechanisms
Assessment
Management
Opioid mechanism of action
Clinical use of opioids
Adverse effects of opioids
Opioid rotation
Prescribing opioids during an opioid epidemic
Non-Medical Opioid Use and Substance Use Disorder
Adjuvant therapies
Continuity of care and multidisciplinary management
References
Chapter 39 Pain and addiction
Pain and addiction
Neurobiology of addiction
Tolerance [6]
Physical dependence/withdrawal
Approach to clinical care in the physically dependent/substance use disordered pain patient
Pain and chemical dependency: not an either/or proposition
Legitimate versus appropriate factors in considering a trial of opioid therapy [39]
Universal precautions in pain medicine [37]
The 10 steps of universal precautions in pain medicine:
The following clinical pearls may be useful to remember when treating chronic pain.
Conclusions
References
Part 9 Special Populations
Chapter 40 Pain in older adults: a brief clinical guide
Epidemiology
The Undertreatment of Pain Among Older Adults
Age-related Change in Pain Sensitivity and Nociceptive Processing
A Clinical Approach to Pain Assessment in Adults with Dementia
Psychosocial Interventions
Other Non-Pharmacological Approaches to Pain Management
Pharmacological Therapies
References
Chapter 41 Pain in children
Introduction
Etiology and significance of recurrent and chronic pain in children
Conceptual models of chronic pain
Clinical practice: evaluation and treatment
References
Chapter 42 Pain in individuals with intellectual disabilities
Introduction & Overview
Defining ID and Conceptual Issues
Scope of the Problem of Pain in Individuals with ID
Pain Assessment Tools
Pain Management
Summary
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 43 Pain and psychiatric illness
Mood Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders
Conclusions
References
Chapter 44 Basic principles in acute and perioperative pain management in patients with opioid tolerance
Background
Neurophysiology of Pain
Practical Management
Summary
References
Index
Supplemental Images
EULA