β Scribed by Chiotis, Eustathios
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
Content: Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Editor
Contributors
Section I: Advances in Climate Reconstruction
1: Reconstructing the Environment as a Scenery of Human History and Civilization
Eustathios Chiotis
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Earth's Climate System
1.3 Geological Background of Climate Fluctuations
1.3.1 Cenozoic Temperature Trend
1.3.2 Global Climate Changes in the Holocene
1.3.3 Holocene Subdivisions
1.4 Recent Developments in Environmental Studies
1.4.1 Environmental Reconstructions and Modelling 1.4.2 Paleoclimatic Studies of Monsoon Rainfall and ITCZ Translocation in the Holocene1.4.2.1 The Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM)
1.4.2.2 The East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM)
1.4.2.3 The Interchange of Monsoon and Westerlies in Arid Central Asia
1.4.2.4 The African Monsoon
1.4.2.5 ITCZ and Monsoon Translocation in the Peninsula of Arabia
1.4.2.6 Concluding Remarks on the Global Monsoon Belt in the Holocene
1.4.3 Progress in Understanding the Terrestrial Carbon Cycle
1.4.4 Interpretations of the Recent Global Warming Hiatus
1.5 Applications of Ancient DNA Studies in Humanities 1.6 Applications of Archaeobotany in Paleoclimatology1.7 Potential of Human Adaptation to Environmental Changes in the Holocene
1.8 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgements
Glossary
Anthropocene
Astronomical or Orbital Forcing
Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)
Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO)
Climate Model
Climate Feedback
Climate Sensitivity
Climate System
Climate Variability
Coupled Atmosphere-ocean General Circulation Models
Earth System Models
El NinΜo-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Ensembles of Models
Events
External Forcing
Fertilization Effect FluctuationsGeneral Circulation Models
Greenhouse Gases
Hadley Circulation
Insolation
Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
Maunder Minimum
North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) Index
Oscillations
Proxy
Radiative Forcing
Resilience
Sequestration
Solar Irradiance
Speleothems
Teleconnections
Tipping Elements, Tipping Points
Walker Circulation
Weather versus Climate
REFERENCES
2: Proxy Indicators of Climate in the Past
Marie-MicheΜle Ouellet-Bernier and Anne de Vernal
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Climate Reconstructions
2.2.1 Weather vs Climate
2.2.2 Anomalies 2.2.3 Past Climate and Environmental Information2.2.4 Chronology and Dating
2.3 The Main Tracers and Proxies of Climate Changes Recording Seasonal Variations
2.3.1 Tree-rings
2.3.2 Ice Cores
2.3.3 Paleolimnology, Lake Sediment Laminations, Varves
2.3.4 Sclerochronology
2.3.5 Corals
2.3.6 Speleothem
2.4 The Proxies from Sediment Cores
2.4.1 Pollen and Spores
2.4.2 The Microfossil Data from Lake Sediments and Wetlands
2.4.3 The Microfossil Assemblages in Marine Sediment Cores
2.4.4 Organic Biomarkers
2.4.5 Isotopes and Chemical Composition in Biogenic Carriers
π SIMILAR VOLUMES
Climate change in the current geological era, from approximately 11,000 years ago to the present.</div> <br> Abstract: Climate change in the current geological era, from approximately 11,000 years ago to the present
This book contains 17 chapters focusing on the impacts of climate change on ecosystems, food security, water resources and economic stability. Strategies to develop sustainable systems that minimize impact on climate and/or mitigate the effects of human activity on climate change are also presented.
<p><p>This book provides the most recent understanding about climate change and its effects on agriculture in India. Further in-depth research is showcased regarding important allied sectors such as horticulture and fisheries, and examines the effect of climate change on different cereal crops. The
<P>The research presented in this volume focuses on identifying and quantifying the major vulnerabilities to climate change in the Midwestern United States. By providing state-of-the-art spatially disaggregated information regarding the historical, current, and possible future climate within the reg
<P>In many places in the world, forests dominate landscapes and provide various products. Future climate change could profoundly alter the productivity of forest ecosystems and species composition. Until now, climate impact research has primarily focused on the likely impacts of rise in temperature,