Climate Change in Sustainable Water Resources Management (Springer Water)

✍ Scribed by Omid Bozorg-Haddad (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 419
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book provides a comprehensive approach to all aspects of water-related subjects affected by climate change that expand readers' attitudes toward future of the management strategies and improve management plans. It summarizes climate change scenarios, models, downscaling methods, and how to select the appropriate method. It also introduces practical steps in assessing climate change impacts on water issues through introducing hydrological models and climate change data applications in hydrologic analysis. The book caters to specialist readers who are interested in analyzing climate change effects on water resources, and related issues can gain a profound understanding of the practical concepts and step-by-step analysis, which is enriched with real case studies all around the world. Moreover, readers will be familiar with potential mitigation and adaptation measures in sustainable water engineering, considering the results of hydrologic modeling.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
1 Overview of Climate Change in Water Resources Management Studies
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Symbols and Definitions
1.3 Significance of the Study
1.4 Basic Principles
1.5 Climate Change and Dangers Ahead
1.6 IPCC Reports and Steps for the Forecast
1.6.1 IPCC Scenarios (from SERS to RCPs)
1.6.2 Climatic Models
1.6.3 Downscaling
1.6.4 Precipitation-Runoff Models
1.7 Practical Examples
1.7.1 Example I
1.7.2 Example II
1.7.3 Example III
1.8 Summary
References
Part I Introduction to Climate Change with Focus on Water Resources
2 Basic Concepts
2.1 The Earth System
2.1.1 Lithosphere
2.1.2 Hydrosphere
2.1.3 Cryosphere
2.2 Nature of Climate Change
2.3 History of Climatic Change
2.4 Evidence of Climate Change Phenomenon
2.4.1 Observational Evidence
2.4.2 Statistical Evidence
2.5 Importance of Studying Climate Change
References
3 Climate Change Drivers
3.1 Climate Change Origins
3.2 Greenhouse Gases
3.2.1 Water Vapor
3.2.2 Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
3.2.3 Methane (CH4)
3.2.4 Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
3.2.5 Halogen-Containing Gases
3.2.6 Ozone (O3)
3.2.7 Other GHGs
3.3 Aerosols
3.4 Clouds
3.5 Solar Energy Density
3.6 Changes in Land Use
3.7 Summary
References
4 The Effect of Climate Change on Water Resources
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Water Resources Quality and Quantity
4.2.1 Surface Water
4.2.2 Groundwater
4.2.3 The Oceans
4.2.4 Lakes and Wetlands
4.3 Water Use Patterns
4.3.1 Agriculture
4.3.2 Domestic Use (Urban)
4.3.3 Energy Production and Industries
4.4 Summary
References
Summary
Part II Climatic Scenarios and Practical Analysis
5 Review on IPCC Reports
5.1 Organizational Structure of IPCC
5.2 FAR
5.2.1 Climate Change Assessment in the FAR Report
5.2.2 Effective Parameters on Global Climate Change
5.2.3 Evaluation of Climate Change Effects on Water Resources in FAR
5.2.4 IPCC Expressed Its Significant Findings in the First Report as Follows
5.3 SAR
5.3.1 Climate Change Assessment in the SAR Report
5.3.2 Prediction of Climate Change in SAR
5.3.3 Effects of Climate Change on Water Resources in the Second Report
5.3.4 Analysis of Climate Change on Water Resources
5.4 TAR
5.4.1 Climate Change Assessment in the TAR Report
5.4.2 Climate Change Prediction
5.4.3 Effects of Climate Change on Water Resources
5.5 AR4
5.5.1 Climate Change Assessment in the AR4 Report
5.5.2 SRES Scenarios in the Fourth Report
5.5.3 Future Climate Change Predictions in AR4
5.5.4 The Investigated Effects of Climate Change in AR4
5.6 AR5
5.6.1 Climate Change Assessment in the AR5 Report
5.6.2 Climate Change Assessment in AR5
5.6.3 Future Climate Change Predictions in AR5
5.6.4 Investigated Effects of Climate Change in AR5
5.7 AR6
5.8 Scenarios’ Evolution from SRES to RCPs
Bibliography
6 Introduction to Key Features of Climate Models
6.1 Climate Models
6.1.1 Energy Balance Models (EBMs)
6.1.2 Radiative-Convective Models
6.1.3 General Circulation Models (GCMs)
6.2 Coupled Model Inter-Comparison Project (CMIP)
6.3 Examples of CMIP5 Climate Models
6.3.1 BCC-CSM1.1
6.3.2 BNU-ESM
6.3.3 CCSM4
6.3.4 CanESM2
6.3.5 CNRM-CM5
6.3.6 CSIRO-Mk3.6.0
6.3.7 FGOALS-g2
6.3.8 FIO-ESM 1.0
6.3.9 GFDL CM3
6.3.10 GISS-E2
6.3.11 HadGEM2-AO
6.3.12 MPI-ESM (MPI-ESM-LR, MPI-ESM-MR, and MPI-ESM-P)
6.3.13 NorESM1-M
6.4 Climate Projections
6.5 Summary
References
7 Downscaling Methods
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Downscaling Methods
7.2.1 Statistical Downscaling Method
7.2.2 Dynamic Downscaling
7.3 Summary
References
Summary
Part III Modeling to Plan Mitigation and Adaptation Measures
8 Hydrological Models
8.1 Summary
8.2 Introduction
8.3 Hydrological Models
8.3.1 History of Hydrologic and Modelling
8.3.2 Importance of Hydrological Modelling
8.4 Role of Climate Change in Hydrological Analysis
8.4.1 Roles of GCMs in Climate Change Study
8.4.2 Role of Hydrological Models in Climate Change Studies
8.4.3 Gap Between Hydrological Modelling and Climate Modelling
8.5 Model Classification
8.5.1 Principle of Classification
8.5.2 Causality Degree
8.5.3 Time and Space Discretization
8.5.4 Main Types of Hydrological Models
8.5.5 Model Structure
8.5.6 Spatial Processes
8.6 Examples of Recognized Models
8.6.1 Non-source Pollution Erosion Comparison Tool (N-SPECT)
8.6.2 European Hydrological System (MIKE SHE)
8.6.3 Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)
8.6.4 Chemicals, Runoff, Erosion for Agricultural Management Systems (CREAMS) and Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Systems (GLEAMS)
8.6.5 Physical Runoff Prediction Model (TOPMODEL)
8.6.6 Hydrologically Distributed Soil Vegetation Model (DHSVM)
8.6.7 Water Erosion Prediction Project Model (WEPP)
8.6.8 Hydrological Simulation Program—FORTRAN (HSPF)
References
9 Mitigation and Adaptation Measures
9.1 Introduction
9.1.1 Risks of Climate Change
9.1.2 Vulnerability to Climate Change
9.1.3 The Concept of Mitigation and Adaptation
9.1.4 The Relationship Between Mitigation and Adaptation
9.2 Mitigation and Adaptation in Water Resources Management
9.2.1 Water Resources Planning
9.2.2 Water Resources Infrastructure
9.3 Water Consumption Management
9.3.1 Agriculture Sector
9.3.2 Domestic Sector
9.3.3 Industry Sector
9.3.4 Recycled Water
9.4 Extreme Events Management
9.4.1 Floods and Runoff
9.4.2 Drought
9.5 Watershed Management
9.5.1 Institutional Strategy
9.5.2 Socioeconomic Strategy
9.5.3 Natural Strategy
9.6 Mitigation, Adaptation, and Sustainable Development
9.7 Conclusion
References
10 Case Studies Around the World
10.1 Africa
10.1.1 Geography and Climate
10.1.2 Climate Change in Africa
10.2 Asia
10.2.1 Geography and Climate
10.2.2 Climate Change in Asia
10.3 Europe
10.3.1 Geography and Climate
10.3.2 Climate Change in Europe
10.4 North America
10.4.1 Geography and Climate
10.4.2 Climate Change in North America
10.5 South America
10.5.1 Geography and Climate
10.5.2 Climate Change in South America
10.6 Polar Region (Antarctica)
10.6.1 Geography and Climate
10.6.2 Climate Change in Antarctica
Bibliography
Summary
Correction to: Introduction to Key Features of Climate Models
Correction to: Chapter 6 in: O. Bozorg-Haddad (ed.), Climate Change in Sustainable Water Resources Management, Springer Water, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1898-8_6