Climate Change and Extreme Events

✍ Scribed by Ali Fares

• Publisher: Elsevier
• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 238
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Climate Change and Extreme Events uses a multidisciplinary approach to discuss the relationship between climate change-related weather extremes and their impact on human lives. Topics discussed are grouped into four major sections: weather parameters, hydrological responses, mitigation and adaptation, and governance and policies, with each addressed with regard to past, present and future perspectives. Sections give an overview of weather parameters and hydrological responses, presenting current knowledge and a future outlook on air and stream temperatures, precipitation, storms and hurricanes, flooding, and ecosystem responses to these extremes. Other sections cover extreme weather events and discuss the role of the state in policymaking.

This book provides a valuable interdisciplinary resource to climate scientists and meteorologists, environmental researchers, and social scientists interested in extreme weather.

✦ Table of Contents

Front-Matter_2021_Climate-Change-and-Extreme-Events
Front Matter
Copyright_2021_Climate-Change-and-Extreme-Events
Copyright
Contributors_2021_Climate-Change-and-Extreme-Events
Contributors
Chapter-1---Extreme-events-and-climate-change--A-_2021_Climate-Change-and-Ex
Extreme events and climate change: A multidisciplinary approach
Introduction
Overview of the chapters
Weather parameters
Hydrological responses
Mitigation, adaptation, and governance
References
Chapter-2---Temperature-extremes-in-a-changi_2021_Climate-Change-and-Extreme
Temperature extremes in a changing climate
Background
Temperature change
Impacts of extremely hot temperatures
Temperature extreme analysis and projection
Metrics and indices
Observational analysis
Temperature projection
Global climate models
Energy balance models (the 1950s)
Radiative convective models (the 1960s to 1970s)
General circulation models/Global climate models (the 1970s to 1980s)
Earth system models (starting from the 1990s)
Regional climate models
Integrated assessment models
Ensemble modeling
Coupled model intercomparison project phase five
Coupled model intercomparison project phase six
Weighted and unweighted ensemble simulation
Downscaling techniques
Statistical downscaling
Dynamical downscaling
Mitigation and adaptation strategies
Overview of mitigation and adaptation strategies
Strategy evaluation
Summary and conclusions
References
Chapter-3---Climate-change-and-extreme-river-_2021_Climate-Change-and-Extrem
Climate change and extreme river temperature
Introduction
What are river thermal extremes?
Thermal processes affected by climate change
Past and current trends and shifts in observations
River thermal modeling and scenarios at global, regional, and local scales
Future work
Conclusions
References
Chapter-4---Severe-convective-storms-in-a-cha_2021_Climate-Change-and-Extrem
Severe convective storms in a changing climate
Observations and trends
Environments
SCSs and climate change
Convection-permitting dynamical downscaling
Drivers of interannual variability
Future research
Forecasting of SCS events
Climate change and SCS
References
Chapter-5---Response-of-terrestrial-net-primary-producti_2021_Climate-Change
Response of terrestrial net primary productivity to precipitation extremes: Patterns, mechanisms, and uncertai ...
Introduction
Changes to precipitation extremes
Precipitation extremes and the carbon cycle
Defining an extreme climate event
Patterns and mechanisms of net primary productivity responses to PPT extremes
Interannual timescales
Patterns of NPP sensitivity to interannual precipitation across ecosystems
Dynamics of within-ecosystem NPP responses to PPT extremes
Intraannual timescales
Intra and interannual interactions
Uncertainties and pathways forward
Uncertainties
Characteristics of precipitation extremes
Plant community dynamics and change
Recovery dynamics
Interaction with other climatic and global change drivers
Pathways forward
Cross-site distributed experiments
Improving ecosystem models with ecological experiments
Summary
References
Chapter-6---Flood-early-warning-systems-under-chan_2021_Climate-Change-and-E
Flood early warning systems under changing climate and extreme events
Introduction
FWS concept and methodology
Gauge network hardware and software
Remote sensing precipitation measurement methods
Hydrologic and hydraulic modeling
Flood monitoring system
Radar-based FWSs
National water model
Iowa flood information system
Texas Medical Center-Rice University flood alert system
Data-driven FWS
Communications
Challenges and future of FWSs
Summary and conclusions
References
Chapter-7---Lifeline-infrastructures-and-hydroclima_2021_Climate-Change-and-
Lifeline infrastructures and hydroclimate extremes climate: A future outlook
Introduction
Organization of the chapter
Quantifying risk from extreme events
Analyzing extremes
Generalized extreme value distribution
Estimation of return levels
Precipitation extremes volatility index
Trend analysis
Spatiotemporal variability in volatility
Network perspective on critical infrastructure
Mitigation analysis on Mumbai and Indian Railway Networks
Gathering network data
Visualizing and analyzing networks
Robustness and recovery characteristics
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter-8---Form--function--and-nomenclature--Deconstru_2021_Climate-Change-
Form, function, and nomenclature: Deconstructing green infrastructure and its role in a changing climate
Introduction
Systematic review
Characteristics of green infrastructure
Literature review
Green infrastructure functions
Air pollution abatement
Temperature regulation
Carbon reduction and sequestration
Stormwater management
Biodiversity and pollinator support
Building energy efficiency
Green infrastructure benefits
Economic benefits
Health benefits
Green infrastructure nomenclature
Conclusions
References
Further reading
Chapter-9---Adaptation-to-climate-extremes-and-sea-lev_2021_Climate-Change-a
Adaptation to climate extremes and sea level rise in coastal cities of developing countries
Introduction
Typologies of coastal adaptation to climate change
Methodology
Climate risks in coastal cities of developing countries
Adaptation response to climate extremes and SLR
Protection measures
Accommodation measures
Managed retreat
Discussions
Conclusions
Appendix: List of case studies and documents used as a primary data source
References
Chapter-10---Multilevel-governance-in-climate-change-a_2021_Climate-Change-a
Multilevel governance in climate change adaptation: Conceptual clarification and future outlook
Introduction
Multilevel governance-Conceptual clarification
Evolution of the concept
Inclusiveness of MLG
The boundary of MLG
Approaches of MLG
MLG concept in climate adaptation
Research trends in climate adaptation using MLG and future outlook
Theme I: Structure and process of MLG
Theme II: Power interplay in MLG
Theme III: Barriers to adaptation in MLG
Conclusion
References
Chapter-11---Is-the-local-fulfilling-its-promise-as-the-age_2021_Climate-Cha
Is the local fulfilling its promise as the agent and site of global climate change governance? The status of ...
Introduction and background
US climate change policy and politics
The national level: Politics over policy
The state level: Some policy and fewer politics
The local level: Policy and some politics
Data and methods
Data
Methods
The status of CAPs
The spatial distribution of CAPs
Why localities take on climate mitigation?
Progress of GHG CAPs
The nature of CAPS
GHG emissions reduction
Discussion and conclusion
References
Chapter-12---The-risk-of-the-electrical-power-grid-due-to-_2021_Climate-Chan
The risk of the electrical power grid due to natural hazards and recovery challenge following disasters and r ...
The electrical power grid is a critical infrastructure: What can happen, and how can it fail?
The vulnerability of CIs and hazards to which they are exposed
Climate change potential additional stress on the CI: The flood case
Risk assessment and complexity: Limitations and development
Assessing flood and outage risk based on past events
Resilience definition, quantification, and concept
Resilience to damage of CIs fights power system outages
Emergency response and system recovery
Emergency system failure rates for Hurricane Katrina and the Fukushima nuclear events
Enhancing power grid ``resilience´´
Managing the response and improving the systems: What next?
References
Further reading
Index_2021_Climate-Change-and-Extreme-Events
Index
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