Chemo-biological systems for CO2 utilization

✍ Scribed by Kumar, Ashok; Sharma, Swati

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2020
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 319
• Edition: First edition
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

"This book will give emphasis on the energy generation in the form of biofuels, bioelectricity or biogas using chemicals, nanomaterial, microbial, enzymatic and chemo-enzymatic integrated systems from CO2. This book has been divided into four sections. The first section is comprised of four chapters which will describe the importance and utilization of CO2 in the living system, various fundamental methods, policies and techniques of CO2 conversion. The second section will focus on the absorption and fixation of CO2 using various ionic liquids, organic solvents, amine based solutions, electro catalytic reduction, nanomaterial, porphyrins, ceramics MOFs and activated carbons and biological material particularly. This section will be covered with 5-6 chapters which will draw the insight of various chemical engineers, researchers working across the globe for CO2 conversion. After this third section will give emphasis on the production of value added products using CO2. It will contain 4-5 chapters which mainly focused on the production of bio-methanol, industrial carbonates lime, liquid and gaseous fuels, industrially useful precursors etc. In the last section this book will discusses potential of microbial system, enzymes in the sequestration of CO2 and its utilization. The combined chemo-enzymatic system for utilization of CO2 will be discussed in the respective chapters of this book. This reliable information from various active researchers and groups will be helpful to find out the alternatives for clean energy and mitigating the climatic change. This book will help the researchers and industrialists to better understand the correlation between microbial, biological and chemical products for their further use to convert the increased level of CO2 into energy based system. The final chapter will present the chemo-enzymatic system for decarbonization of automobile and industrial smoke to direct the clean emission"--

✦ Table of Contents

Cover......Page 1
Half Title......Page 2
Title Page......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Table of Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 8
List of Editors......Page 10
List of Contributors......Page 12
1.1 Introduction......Page 18
1.2.1 CO[sub(2)] Capture by Plants......Page 20
1.2.2 CO[sub(2)] Capture by Algae......Page 21
1.3 CO[sub(2)] Capture by Synthetic Materials......Page 22
1.3.2 CO[sub(2)] Capture by Graphene Oxides......Page 23
1.4 Synthesis of Industrial Products by CO[sub(2)] Conversion......Page 24
1.4.3 Methane (CH[sub(4)])......Page 25
References......Page 26
2.1 Introduction......Page 32
2.2 Chemistry of Carbon Dioxide......Page 35
2.3.1 Thermodynamic Considerations......Page 37
2.3.2 CO[sub(2)] to Formic Acid and Derivatives......Page 40
2.3.3 Reverse Water–Gas Shift Reaction......Page 41
2.3.4 Methanol and Dimethyl Ether Syntheses......Page 42
2.3.6 Methanation......Page 45
2.3.7 Conversion to Higher Hydrocarbons......Page 46
2.4 Issues and Challenges......Page 48
2.4.1 CO[sub(2)] Capture......Page 49
2.4.2 Hydrogen Source......Page 51
2.4.3 Selection Criteria......Page 53
2.5 Recent Advances......Page 54
List of Abbreviations......Page 57
References......Page 59
3.1 Introduction......Page 66
3.2 Methane Bi-Reforming Reaction (MBR)......Page 68
3.2.1 Methane Bi-Reforming Reaction Mechanism......Page 69
3.2.2.2 Effects of Reaction Temperature......Page 70
3.3 Catalyst for Methane Bi-Reforming Reaction......Page 72
3.4.1 Changing or Modifying the Support Used in Methane Bi-Reforming......Page 80
3.4.2 Introducing Promoters to Catalyst for Methane Bi-Reforming Reaction......Page 85
3.4.3 Employing Diverse Catalyst Preparation Methods for Methane Bi-Reforming Reaction......Page 87
References......Page 89
4.1 Bacterial Carbonic Anhydrases......Page 94
4.2 Extremophiles as Source of Stable Biocatalysts......Page 96
4.3 Extreme SspCA and SazCA......Page 97
4.4.1 Immobilization on Polyurethane Foam......Page 99
4.4.3 Binding on Magnetic Particles......Page 100
4.5 Conclusion......Page 101
References......Page 102
5.1 Introduction......Page 108
5.2 Structure and Function of Microbial CA......Page 109
5.2.1 Catalytic Activity of CA......Page 110
5.3.1 Genetic Engineering......Page 111
5.3.2 Directed Evolution......Page 112
5.3.3 CA Immobilization and Chemical Modification......Page 113
5.5 Engineering Promoters......Page 114
5.6 Conclusion......Page 115
References......Page 117
6.1 Introduction......Page 124
6.2 Electrochemical CO[sub(2)] Reduction Reaction (CO[sub(2)]RR)......Page 125
6.3 Synthesis of N-Doped Carbon Catalysts for CO[sub(2)]RR......Page 128
6.3.1 Electrochemical Performance of N-Doped Carbon Catalysts for CO[sub(2)]RR......Page 130
6.4 Conclusions and Outlook......Page 142
References......Page 143
7.1 Introduction......Page 148
7.2.1 Production of Dimethyl Ether......Page 149
7.2.2 Production of Formic Acid......Page 150
7.2.3 Production of Methane......Page 151
7.2.4 Ethylene and Ethanol Production......Page 153
7.2.5 Production of Polymer......Page 154
7.2.6 Production of Oxalate and Oxalic Acid......Page 155
7.2.7 Fuel (Hydrocarbon) Production......Page 156
7.2.8 Production of Carbon Nanotube......Page 158
7.4 Challenges in Catalyst Development......Page 159
References......Page 160
8.1 Introduction......Page 164
8.1.2 Mechanisms for Terrestrial Storage......Page 165
8.1.5 Chemical Process of Geological Carbon Sequestration......Page 166
8.2.3 Modified Porous Support......Page 167
8.3 CO[sub(2)] Sequestration: Nanomaterial-Based Processes......Page 168
8.3.1.1 Carbon Nanotube (CNT)......Page 169
8.3.1.2 Graphene and Its Derivatives......Page 170
8.3.2.3 Nanoparticle-Embedded Metal–Organic Framework......Page 172
8.5 Further Research Needed......Page 173
References......Page 174
9.1 Introduction......Page 178
9.2 Existing Technologies for CO[sub(2)] Capture......Page 180
9.3 Criteria for the Selection of Solid Sorbent......Page 182
9.4 Porous Materials for CO[sub(2)] Fixation......Page 184
9.4.1.1 Activated Carbon......Page 185
9.4.1.2 Carbon Nanotubes......Page 187
9.4.1.3 Graphenes......Page 188
9.4.2 Zeolites......Page 189
9.4.3 Metal–Organic Framework......Page 191
9.5 Challenges and Outlook......Page 193
References......Page 195
10.1 Introduction......Page 206
10.2 Mechanisms of CO[sub(2)] Fixation......Page 207
10.3.1 Nanoparticle-Based Composite Materials......Page 209
10.3.2 Porphyrin-Based Composite Materials......Page 211
10.3.3 Metal–Organic Framework (MOF)-Based Composite Materials......Page 212
10.3.4 Activated Carbon-Based Composite Materials......Page 213
10.4 Conclusion......Page 215
References......Page 216
Chapter 11 Microalgae-Based Biorefinery for Utilization of Carbon Dioxide for Production of Valuable Bioproducts......Page 220
11.1.1 CO[sub(2)] Emission......Page 221
11.2.1 Mechanism of Sequestration......Page 222
11.3 Microalgal Cultivation Modes......Page 223
11.3.2 Heterotrophic......Page 226
11.3.3 Mixotrophic......Page 227
11.4.2 Toxic Gases......Page 228
11.4.4 Temperature......Page 230
11.5.1 Role of CO[sub(2)] in Microalgal Growth......Page 231
11.5.3 Measurement of CO[sub(2)] Fixation......Page 232
11.6 Utilization of Microalgal Biomass for Different Applications......Page 234
11.7 Future Research Prospective......Page 235
References......Page 238
12.1 Introduction......Page 246
12.2 CO[sub(2)] Assimilation and Metabolism......Page 247
12.2.1 Autotrophic Metabolism......Page 250
12.2.2 Heterotrophic Metabolism......Page 251
12.3 Carbon Partitioning Strategy of Microalgae......Page 252
12.4 Metabolites......Page 254
12.4.1 Fatty Acids (FA) and Triacylglycerols (TAG)......Page 255
12.4.2 Poly-unsaturated Fatty Acids......Page 256
12.4.3 Sterols......Page 257
12.4.4 Carbohydrates......Page 258
12.4.5 Polysaccharides......Page 260
12.4.6 Minor Compounds......Page 261
12.5 Future Prospects......Page 264
References......Page 268
Chapter 13 Soil Microbial Dynamics in Carbon Farming of Agro-Ecosystems: In the Era of Climate Change......Page 282
13.1 Introduction......Page 283
13.2 Microbial Communities and Carbon Cycle......Page 284
13.2.1 Mechanism of Carbon Sequestration by Soil Microbes......Page 285
13.4 Microbial Fungi and Bacteria in Carbon Sequestration......Page 286
13.4.2 Clostridia......Page 291
13.4.4 Green Sulphur Bacteria......Page 292
13.4.7 Photoautotrophs and Algae......Page 293
13.5.1 Land Uses and Management......Page 295
13.5.3 Land Cover Management......Page 296
13.5.6 Reforestation......Page 297
13.5.7 Organic Amendments......Page 298
13.5.8 Landscape-Level (Slope Position) Effects on Carbon Inputs......Page 299
13.5.10 Land Use Pattern......Page 300
13.5.13 Arid and Semi-Arid Climate......Page 302
13.6 Outlook and Conclusion......Page 303
References......Page 304
Supporting References......Page 316
Index......Page 318

✦ Subjects

Carbon dioxide--Industrial applications;Carbon dioxide mitigation;Carbon dioxide -- Industrial applications