Chemistry, Loose-Leaf Version

✍ Scribed by Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

• Publisher: Brooks Cole
• Year: 2017
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 1219
• Edition: 10
• Category: Library

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Contents
To the Professor
To the Student
About the Authors
Ch 1: Chemical Foundations
1.1 Chemistry: An Overview
1.2 The Scientific Method
1.3 Units of Measurement
1.4 Uncertainty in Measurement
1.5 Significant Figures and Calculations
1.6 Learning to Solve Problems Systematically
1.7 Dimensional Analysis
1.8 Temperature
1.9 Density
1.10 Classification of Matter
For Review
Ch 2: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
2.1 The Early History of Chemistry
2.2 Fundamental Chemical Laws
2.3 Dalton's Atomic Theory
2.4 Early Experiments to Characterize the Atom
2.5 The Modern View of Atomic Structure: An Introduction
2.6 Molecules and Ions
2.7 An Introduction to the Periodic Table
2.8 Naming Simple Compounds
For Review
Ch 3: Stoichiometry
3.1 Counting by Weighing
3.2 Atomic Masses
3.3 The Mole
3.4 Molar Mass
3.5 Learning to Solve Problems
3.6 Percent Composition of Compounds
3.7 Determining the Formula of a Compound
3.8 Chemical Equations
3.9 Balancing Chemical Equations
3.10 Stoichiometric Calculations: Amounts of Reactants and Products
3.11 The Concept of Limiting Reactant
For Review
Ch 4: Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry
4.1 Water, the Common Solvent
4.2 The Nature of Aqueous Solutions: Strong and Weak Electrolytes
4.3 The Composition of Solutions
4.4 Types of Chemical Reactions
4.5 Precipitation Reactions
4.6 Describing Reactions in Solution
4.7 Stoichiometry of Precipitation Reactions
4.8 Acid-Base Reactions
4.9 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
4.10 Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations
4.11 Simple Oxidation-Reduction Titrations
For Review
Ch 5: Gases
5.1 Pressure
5.2 The Gas Laws of Boyle, Charles, and Avogadro
5.3 The Ideal Gas Law
5.4 Gas Stoichiometry
5.5 Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
5.6 The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
5.7 Effusion and Diffusion
5.8 Real Gases
5.9 Characteristics of Several Real Gases
5.10 Chemistry in the Atmosphere
For Review
Ch 6: Thermochemistry
6.1 The Nature of Energy
6.2 Enthalpy and Calorimetry
6.3 Hess's Law
6.4 Standard Enthalpies of Formation
6.5 Present Sources of Energy
6.6 New Energy Sources
For Review
Ch 7: Atomic Structure and Periodicity
7.1 Electromagnetic Radiation
7.2 The Nature of Matter
7.3 The Atomic Spectrum of Hydrogen
7.4 The Bohr Model
7.5 The Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom
7.6 Quantum Numbers
7.7 Orbital Shapes and Energies
7.8 Electron Spin and the Pauli Principle
7.9 Polyelectronic Atoms
7.10 The History of the Periodic Table
7.11 The Aufbau Principle and the Periodic Table
7.12 Periodic Trends in Atomic Properties
7.13 The Properties of a Group: The Alkali Metals
For Review
Ch 8: Bonding: General Concepts
8.1 Types of Chemical Bonds
8.2 Electronegativity
8.3 Bond Polarity and Dipole Moments
8.4 Ions: Electron Configurations and Sizes
8.5 Energy Effects in Binary Ionic Compounds
8.6 Partial Ionic Character of Covalent Bonds
8.7 The Covalent Chemical Bond: A Model
8.8 Covalent Bond Energies and Chemical Reactions
8.9 The Localized Electron Bonding Model
8.10 Lewis Structures
8.11 Exceptions to the Octet Rule
8.12 Resonance
8.13 Molecular Structure: The VSEPR Model
For Review
Ch 9: Covalent Bonding: Orbitals
9.1 Hybridization and the Localized Electron Model
9.2 The Molecular Orbital Model
9.3 Bonding in Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules
9.4 Bonding in Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules
9.5 Combining the Localized Electron and Molecular Orbital Models
For Review
Ch 10: Liquids and Solids
10.1 Intermolecular Forces
10.2 The Liquid State
10.3 An Introduction to Structures and Types of Solids
10.4 Structure and Bonding in Metals
10.5 Carbon and Silicon: Network Atomic Solids
10.6 Molecular Solids
10.7 Ionic Solids
10.8 Vapor Pressure and Changes of State
10.9 Phase Diagrams
For Review
Ch 11: Properties of Solutions
11.1 Solution Composition
11.2 The Energies of Solution Formation
11.3 Factors Affecting Solubility
11.4 The Vapor Pressures of Solutions
11.5 Boiling-Point Elevation and Freezing-Point Depression
11.6 Osmotic Pressure
11.7 Colligative Properties of Electrolyte Solutions
11.8 Colloids
For Review
Ch 12: Chemical Kinetics
12.1 Reaction Rates
12.2 Rate Laws: An Introduction
12.3 Determining the Form of the Rate Law
12.4 The Integrated Rate Law
12.5 Reaction Mechanisms
12.6 A Model for Chemical Kinetics
12.7 Catalysis
For Review
Ch 13: Chemical Equilibrium
13.1 The Equilibrium Condition
13.2 The Equilibrium Constant
13.3 Equilibrium Expressions Involving Pressures
13.4 Heterogeneous Equilibria
13.5 Applications of the Equilibrium Constant
13.6 Solving Equilibrium Problems
13.7 Le Chatelier's Principle
For Review
Ch 14: Acids and Bases
14.1 The Nature of Acids and Bases
14.2 Acid Strength
14.3 The pH Scale
14.4 Calculating the pH of Strong Acid Solutions
14.5 Calculating the pH of Weak Acid Solutions
14.6 Bases
14.7 Polyprotic Acids
14.8 Acid-Base Properties of Salts
14.9 The Effect of Structure on Acid-Base Properties
14.10 Acid-Base Properties of Oxides
14.11 The Lewis Acid-Base Model
14.12 Strategy for Solving Acid-Base Problems: A Summary
For Review
Ch 15: Acid-Base Equilibria
15.1 Solutions of Acids or Bases Containing a Common Ion
15.2 Buffered Solutions
15.3 Buffering Capacity
15.4 Titrations and pH Curves
15.5 Acid-Base Indicators
15.6 Polyprotic Acid Titrations
For Review
Ch 16: Solubility and Complex Ion Equilibria
16.1 Solubility Equilibria and the Solubility Product
16.2 Precipitation and Qualitative Analysis
16.3 Equilibria Involving Complex Ions
For Review
Ch 17: Spontaneity, Entropy, and Free Energy
17.1 Spontaneous Processes and Entropy
17.2 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
17.3 The Effect of Temperature on Spontaneity
17.4 Free Energy
17.5 Entropy Changes in Aqueous Solutions
17.6 Entropy Changes in Chemical Reactions
17.7 Free Energy and Chemical Reactions
17.8 The Dependence of Free Energy on Pressure
17.9 Free Energy and Equilibrium
17.10 Free Energy and Work
For Review
Ch 18: Electrochemistry
18.1 Galvanic Cells
18.2 Standard Reduction Potentials
18.3 Cell Potential, Electrical Work, and Free Energy
18.4 Dependence of Cell Potential on Concentration
18.5 Batteries
18.6 Corrosion
18.7 Electrolysis
18.8 Commercial Electrolytic Processes
For Review
Ch 19: The Nucleus: A Chemist's View
19.1: Nuclear Stability and Radioactive Decay
19.2 The Kinetics of Radioactive Decay
19.3 Nuclear Transformations
19.4 Detection and Uses of Radioactivity
19.5 Thermodynamic Stability of the Nucleus
19.6 Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion
19.7 Effects of Radiation
For Review
Ch 20: The Representative Elements
20.1 A Survey of the Representative Elements
20.2 The Group 1A Elements
20.3 The Chemistry of Hydrogen
20.4 The Group 2A Elements
20.5 The Group 3A Elements
20.6 The Group 4A Elements
20.7 The Group 5A Elements
20.8 The Chemistry of Nitrogen
20.9 The Chemistry of Phosphorus
20.10 The Group 6A Elements
20.11 The Chemistry of Oxygen
20.12 The Chemistry of Sulfur
20.13 The Group 7A Elements
20.14 The Group 8A Elements
For Review
Ch 21: Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry
21.1 The Transition Metals: A Survey
21.2 The First-Row Transition Metals
21.3 Coordination Compounds
21.4 Isomerism
21.5 Bonding in Complex Ions: The Localized Electron Model
21.6 The Crystal Field Model
21.7 The Biological Importance of Coordination Complexes
21.8 Metallurgy and Iron and Steel Production
For Review
Ch 22: Organic and Biological Molecules
22.1 Alkanes: Saturated Hydrocarbons
22.2 Alkenes and Alkynes
22.3 Aromatic Hydrocarbons
22.4 Hydrocarbon Derivatives
22.5 Polymers
22.6 Natural Polymers
For Review
Appendix 1: Mathematical Procedures
Appendix 2: The Quantitative Kinetic Molecular Model
Appendix 3: Spectral Analysis
Appendix 4: Selected Thermodynamic Data
Appendix 5: Equilibrium Constants and Reduction Potentials
Appendix 6: SI Units and Conversion Factors
Appendix 7: Molecular Spectroscopy: An Introduction
Answers to Selected Exercises
Index/Glossary