Chemistry in Focus Year 11

✍ Scribed by Roland Smith, Anna Davis

• Publisher: Cengage Learning Australia Pty Limited
• Year: 2017
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 456
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Table of Contents

Contents
Introduction
Author team
Author acknowledgements
Publisher acknowledgements
Using Chemistry in Focus
outcome grid
Chapter 01: Review of basic concepts
Mixtures and pure substances
Elements and compounds
Physical states
Solutions and suspensions
Physical and chemical changes
Particle nature of matter
Atoms, molecules and ions
Symbols and formulae
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review Questions
Chapter 02: Properties of matter
Physical properties
Using physical propertiesto separate mixtures
Gravimetric analysis
A survey of the elements
The periodic table
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review Questions
Chapter 03: Atomic structure
An atom – a nucleus and an electron cloud
Isotopes
Unstable isotopes
Energy levels for electrons
The periodic table
Orbitals and sublevels
 Atomic emission spectroscopy
 Flame tests
 Bohr, Schrödinger and atomic structure
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review Questions
Chapter 04: Periodicity
 Melting point and physical state
Atomic radius
 Ionisation energy
 Electronegativity
 Metallic character and reactivity with water
 Summary of trends
  Chapter summary
  Chapter review questions
Chapter 05: Chemical bonding
 Achieving noble gas configurations
 Formation of ions – ionic bonding
 Ionic bonding and the periodic table
 Naming simple ionic compounds
 Covalent bonding
 Drawing electron-dot structures
 Ionic or covalent bonding and electronegativity
 Valency and position in the periodic table
 Naming covalent binary compounds
Properties of ionic and covalent molecular substances
Covalent network solids
Metallic bonding
Solids summarised
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review Questions
Chapter 07: Chemical reactions, stoichiometry and the mole
Chemical reactions
Law of conservation of mass
The need for quantitative calculations
Relative atomic mass (atomic weight)
Relative molecular mass (molecular weight)
The mole
Relative formula mass (formula weight)
Converting between mass, moles and numbers of atoms or molecules
Percentage composition
Calculating formulae from experimental data
Moles and chemical equations
Mass calculations from chemical equations
Limiting reagent calculations
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review Questions
Chapter 08: Solutions – concentration and molarity
Nature of solutions
Different measures of concentration
Measuring volumes of solutions
Molarity
Dilution
Solution calculations involving reactions
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review Questions
Chapter 09: Gas laws
Gay-Lussac’s law and Avogadro’s law
Calculations involving volumes of gases
Boyle‘s law, Charles‘s law, and Avogadro‘s law revisited
Combining three gas laws: the ideal gas law
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review Questions
Chapter 10: Types of chemical reaction
Indicators of chemical change (reaction)
Synthesis reactions
Decomposition reactions
Combustion reactions
Precipitation reactions
 Predicting precipitation reactions
Acid–base reactions
Acid–carbonate reactions
Reactions that make cycad fruit safe to eat
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review Questions
Chapter 11: Reactions of metals
Reactivity of metals
Displacement reactions
An activity series
Metal activity and the periodic table
Oxidation and reduction
Oxidants and reductants
Oxidation number (oxidation state)
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review Questions
Chapter 12: Galvanic cells and standard electrode potentials
Electricity from redox reactions
Parts of a galvanic cell
Types of galvanic cell
Standard electrode potentials
Calculating voltages for redox reactions
Calculating the voltage of a galvanic cell
Standard electrode potentials and reactivity of metals
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review Questions
Chapter 13: Rates of reaction
Meaning of ‘rate of reaction’
Factors influencing the rate of a reaction
Temperature and activation energy
Collision theory of reaction rates
How catalysts work
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review Questions
Chapter 14: Energy changes in chemical reactions
  Exothermic and endothermic reactions
Temperature, quantity of heat and heat capacity
Enthalpy
Measuring enthalpy changes for reactions
Heat of combustion
Energy profiles
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review Questions
Chapter 15: Enthalpy and Hess’s law
Explaining enthalpy changes
Law of conservation of energy
Standard enthalpy change and standard state
Standard enthalpy of formation
Enthalpies of formation from heats of combustion
Estimating ΔH  from bond energies
Bond energy
Photosynthesis and respiration
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review Questions
Chapter 17: Working scientifically and depth studies
The nature of science
Solving scientific problems – depth studies
Designing your investigation
Conducting your investigation
Analysing data
Communicating your understanding
Ideas for depth studies
Chapter Summary
Appendix 1: Experimental error and significant figures
Appendix 2: Relative atomic masses of common elements
Appendix 3: Periodic table of elements
Numerical Answers
Glossary
Index