COAS_C2_Imprint_it.unlocked
COAS_C2_Intro_it.unlocked
COAS_C2_Contents_it.unlocked
Combined
COAS_C2_Ch01_it
AS level organic chemistry revisited
Some revision
Naming organic compounds
Isomerism
Summaries of reactions from AS Chemistry
Summary
COAS_C2_Ch02_it
Arenes
Benzene
Energetic stability of benzene
Substitution reactions
Addition of halogens to benzene
Phenols and their properties
Summary
Questions
COAS_C2_Ch03_it
Carbonyl compounds
Aldehydes and ketones
Physical properties of the carbonyl group
Preparation: oxidation of alcohols
Reduction
Characteristic tests
Summary
Questions
COAS_C2_Ch04_it
Carboxylic acids and esters
Carboxylic acids
Esters
Summary
Questions
COAS_C2_Ch05_it
Amines
Primary amines
The preparation of amines
Amines as bases
Making salts with amines
Reactions specific to phenylamine
Summary
Questions
COAS_C2_Ch06_it
Amino acids and chirality
Amino acids
Proteins and polypeptides
Stereoisomerism
Summary
Questions
COAS_C2_Ch07_it
Polyesters and polyamides
The formation of polymers
Degradable plastics
Summary
Questions
COAS_C2_Ch08_it
Synthesis
How do we design molecules?
Routes to new molecules
Chirality in pharmaceutical synthesis
Summary
Questions
COAS_C2_Ch09_it
Chromatography
Mechanisms of chromatographic separation
Paper chromatography
Thin-layer chromatography
Gas chromatography (GC)
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
Summary
Questions
COAS_C2_Ch10_it
Spectroscopy
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Combined techniques
Summary
Questions
COAS_C2_Ch11_it
How fast?
The rate equation
Order of reaction
Concentration against time graphs
Half-life and reaction rates
Finding the order of reaction using raw data
Rate constants and temperature changes
Rate equations and mechanisms
Summary
Questions
COAS_C2_Ch12_it
How far?
Equilibria in organic reactions
The amounts of substances present at equilibrium
Kc and Le Chatelierβs principle
Summary
Questions
COAS_C2_Ch13_it
Acids, bases and buffers
Definitions of acids and bases
The role of water
Base behaviour and neutralisation
Introducing Kw, the ionic product of water
Introducing pH
Ionic equilibria: the definition of Ka and pKa
Calculating the pH of a weak acid
Calculating [H+] from a pH value
Calculating the Ka of a weak acid
Measuring pH
Acids with alkalis: monitoring change
Buffer solutions
Calculating the pH of a buffer solution
Summary
Questions
COAS_C2_Ch14_it
Lattice enthalpy
The Born-Haber cycle
Trends in the lattice enthalpy
Enthalpy change of solution
Enthalpy change of hydration
Using enthalpies of solution and hydration
Summary
Questions
COAS_C2_Ch15_it
Entropy
Entropy changes
Free energy
Summary
Questions
COAS_C2_Ch16_it
Electrode potentials and fuel cells
Oxidation and reduction
Electrode potentials
Standard electrode potentials
Measuring a standard electrode potential
The meaning of E values
Using E values to predict cell voltages
Using E values to predict whether or not a reaction will occur
Using E values to predict cell voltages
Using E values to predict whether or not a reaction will occur
Using cell voltage to predict whether or not a reaction will occur
Limitations of the standard electrode potential approach
Reaction rate has a role to play too
Storage cells
Fuel cells
The hydrogen economy
Summary
Questions
COAS_C2_Ch17_it
Transition elements
Electronic structures
Properties of transition elements and their compounds
Complexes
Redox behaviour
Summary
Questions
COAS_C2_SAQs_it
COAS_C2_Glossary_it.unlocked
COAS_C2_Appendix_it.unlocked
COAS_C2_Index_it.unlocked
