The new phenylpropanoid diglycoside ligusinenoside A (1), and the two new 8,4'-oxyneolignan (8-O-4'-neolignan) diglycosides ligusinenosides B (2) and C (3), together with nine known compounds, were isolated from the rhizomes of Ligusticum sinensis OLIV. The structures of 1 -3 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses. Introduction. -The rhizome of Ligusticum sinensis OLIV. (Umbelliferae) is known as Gaoben in traditional Chinese medicines and used for the treatment of headache, rheumatic arthralgia, diarrhea, etc. [1]. Previous studies revealed two new sesquiterpenes from this plant, ligustilone [2] and ligustiphenol [3]. Furthermore, numerous phthalides [4], coumarins [5], monoterpenes [6], and phenylpropanoids [7] were obtained from plants of the Ligusticum genus. Recently, Huang et al. reported that aqueous extracts of L. sinensis could inhibit melanogenesis in murine B16/F10 melanoma cells [8]. Our phytochemical investigation of the title plant led to the isolation of twelve compounds, including a new phenylpropanoid diglycoside, ligusinenoside A (1), and the two new 8,4'-oxyneolignan (8-O-4'-neolignan) diglycosides, ligusinenosides B (2) and C (3). In this paper, we report the isolation and structural elucidation of the new diglycosides 1 -3. Results and Discussion. -Ligusinenoside A (1) was obtained as white amorphous powders. Its HR-ESI-MS gave a molecular formula C 21 H 30 O 12 ([M + Na] + at m/z 497.1665). Under acid hydrolysis, 1 gave D-glucose and D-apiose as sugar moieties.