Characterization and evaluation of the nature of chemical species generated in hybrid Ziegler–Natta/metallocene catalyst
✍ Scribed by Maria Madalena de Camargo Forte; Fernanda Vieira da Cunha; João Henrique Zimnoch dos Santos
- Book ID
- 104421484
- Publisher
- Elsevier Science
- Year
- 2001
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 272 KB
- Volume
- 175
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 1381-1169
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✦ Synopsis
In the present work CpTiCl 3 pretreated with tri-iso-butylaluminium was immobilized on MgCl 2 supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst. The resulting catalysts were characterized by a series of techniques, namely thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), 27 Al magic angle spin nuclear magnetic resonance ( 27 Al MAS-NMR), UV-VIS spectroscopic analysis, inductively-coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and elemental analysis. The catalysts UV-VIS spectrum showed a broad absorption band at 390 nm indicating the presence of metallocene cyclopentadienyl ring. According to XPS analysis, only hybrid catalysts showed two peaks in the Ti (2p 3/2 ) region after the spectrum deconvolution, a lower binding energy peak at 455 eV and another one at 457 eV (Ti 4+ ). These appear to be due to difference of electronegativity in the coordination sphere of the Ti due to the TiCl 4 and the Cp(i-Bu)TiCl 2 fixed on the hybrid Ziegler-Natta catalyst. All catalyst systems were active in ethylene-1-butene copolymerization. The resulting polymers obtained with the hybrid catalyst showed a shoulder in the DSC thermogramme fusion peak. It might be caused by a polymer fraction produced by the additional Ti center in the catalyst due to the Cp(i-Bu)TiCl 2 . Microscopic analysis showed that the polymer replicated the spherical morphology of the catalyst grain.
📜 SIMILAR VOLUMES
## Abstract A generic mathematical model for analyzing the effect of ideal and non‐ideal reactor residence time distributions on the size distribution of polymer particles produced with heterogeneous Ziegler‐Natta and supported metallocene catalysts was developed. It was shown that the residence ti