Content: Introduction; 1. Introduction of Nanocomposites Based on Cellulose; MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION; 2. Strategies for Preparation Cellulose Whiskers from Microcrystalline Cellulose as Reinforcement in Nanocomposites; 3. Self-assembly of Cellulose Nanocrystals; 4. Cellulose Fibrils: Isolation, Characterization and Capability for Technical Applications; 5. Morphology of Cellulose and Its Nanocomposites; 6. Useful Insights into Cellulose Nanocomposites Using Raman Spectroscopy; 7. Novel Methods for Interfacial Modification of Cellulose-reinforced Composites; NANOCOMPOSITES PROCESSING AND PROPERTIES; 8. Cellulose Nanocrystals for Thermoplastic Reinforcement: Effect of Filler Surface Chemistry on Composite Properties; 9. The Structure and Mechanical Properties of Cellulose Nanocomposites Prepared by Twin Screw Extrusion; 10. Preparation and Properties of Biopolymer based Nanocomposites Films using Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC); 11. Nanocomposites Based on Cellulose Microfibril A.N. Nakagaito and H. Yano; 12. Cellulose Microfibres as Reinforcing Agents for Structural Materials; 13. Dispersion of Soybean Stock Based Nanofiber in Plastic Matrix; 14. Cellulose/Polysulfone Nanocomposites; 15. Bacterial Cellulose and its Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications