CdTe and Related Compounds - Physics, Defects, etc.,
β Scribed by R. Triboulet, et al.
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Year
- 2010
- Tongue
- English
- Leaves
- 421
- Category
- Library
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
β¦ Table of Contents
Copyright
......Page 2
List of Contributors......Page 3
Foreword
......Page 6
Introduction......Page 7
Physics......Page 11
Introduction......Page 13
Survey of First Principles Status......Page 14
Crystal structures......Page 15
Insights from the bond orbital approximation......Page 17
Introduction......Page 21
General statistical theory......Page 23
Examples......Page 24
Conclusions......Page 25
References......Page 26
Bulk crystal......Page 28
Nanostructures......Page 31
Localized Modes of Impurities in CdTe......Page 33
Ternary Alloys of the CdTe Compounds......Page 35
References......Page 42
Band structure......Page 44
Ab initio approaches......Page 45
Energy dispersion......Page 46
Effective masses......Page 47
Complex loss function......Page 48
The CdTe(001) surface......Page 50
Shallow donors......Page 53
Acceptors......Page 54
Electrical Properties......Page 56
Carrier concentration limits......Page 57
Carrier diffusion lengths and lifetimes......Page 61
References......Page 62
Different radiative recombination processes......Page 65
Excitons: Definition and properties......Page 66
The shallow emission band......Page 67
Simple hydrogenoid model......Page 68
Refined hydrogenoid model......Page 69
Variation of photoluminescence with temperature......Page 70
The intrinsic native point defects......Page 71
Typical spectra of undoped CdTe......Page 72
The extended defect band......Page 73
p-Type doped CdTe......Page 74
Substitutional Cd sites: Alkali metal, Cu, Ag, Au doping......Page 75
Substitutional Te sites: N, P, As, Sb, Bi doping......Page 77
Substitutional Cd sites: Al, Ga, In doping......Page 79
Substitutional Te sites: F, Br, I doping......Page 81
Predominance of A centers......Page 82
Specific observations for high Cl atomic concentration......Page 83
Predominance of beta acceptor complexes......Page 84
Prospects......Page 85
References......Page 87
Elasticity Properties......Page 91
Inelastic Behavior......Page 93
Fracture Properties......Page 99
Photoplastic effect......Page 100
Summary......Page 101
References......Page 102
CdTe-Based Nanostructures......Page 104
Atomic layer epitaxy: The ultimate control of II-VI nanostructures growth......Page 105
Control of thickness and interfaces......Page 109
p-Type CdTe......Page 371
Artificial organization of CdTe nanostructures......Page 113
Self-organization of CdTe nanostructures......Page 115
Solubility......Page 119
Strong coupling and Bose-Einstein condensation......Page 121
Exciton tunneling......Page 123
Fine structure and multiplet excitons......Page 125
Exciton-phonon coupling......Page 128
Coupling with a single magnetic atom......Page 129
Perspectives......Page 133
References......Page 134
Introduction......Page 138
Crystal Growth Technology of CdMnTe......Page 139
Energy band structure of SMS......Page 140
Optical properties......Page 144
Magnetic properties of CdMnTe......Page 147
Other CdTe-Based Semimagnetic Semiconductors......Page 149
Introduction: Growth and general overview......Page 150
Undoped structures......Page 153
Intentionally doped structures......Page 160
Transport properties of n-type doped structures and quantum Hall ferromagnetism......Page 162
Ferromagnetism in p-type doped structures......Page 165
Conclusions and Prospects......Page 168
References......Page 169
Defects......Page 174
Processibility......Page 176
Electrical activity......Page 177
Factors predisposing CdTe to dislocation and twinning......Page 178
X-ray rocking curves......Page 180
Chemical methods......Page 182
Spatial distribution of dislocations in CdTe......Page 183
Stable phases......Page 185
Sphalerite structure......Page 186
Crystallographic polarity......Page 187
Cleavage planes......Page 190
Dislocations in the sphalerite structure......Page 191
Bending tests and dislocation indentation rosettes......Page 193
βWeak beamβ and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy of dislocations......Page 195
Dislocation phenomena: Slip bands, polygonisation andmosaicity......Page 196
Micromechanics under controlled stress testing......Page 197
Mechanical polishing damage......Page 198
Stacking faults......Page 199
Twinning in metals and semiconductors......Page 200
Crystallography of twins in the sphalerite structure......Page 201
CSL models for twin boundaries in the sphalerite structure; experimental observations and predictions for the boundary properties of CdTe......Page 204
Stress twin model......Page 206
Second phases: Precipitates and inclusions......Page 207
General observations......Page 213
VB: Grains and twins......Page 214
VB: Dislocations and polygonisation walls......Page 215
Horizontal Bridgman......Page 218
Travelling heater method using Te......Page 219
Travelling heater method using Cd......Page 221
PiperβPolich (transport in a simple capsule) and its variants......Page 222
Growth in a closed capsule with a separate Te cold zone (βDurham methodβ)......Page 223
MarkovβDavydov and related methods......Page 224
Self-selecting vapour growth method (Szczerbakow)......Page 225
Silicon (Si)......Page 226
References......Page 227
Introduction......Page 233
Second Phase Particles: Formation and Identification......Page 235
Precipitates......Page 238
Inclusions......Page 241
In situ control of formation of the second phase inclusions in melt-grown CdZnTe crystals......Page 247
Dynamic control of Cd pressure......Page 248
Postgrowth wafer annealing......Page 254
By liquid phase diffusion......Page 256
By solid phase diffusion......Page 258
Conclusion......Page 259
References......Page 260
Point Defects......Page 263
Introduction......Page 264
Formation Energies......Page 265
Electronic Excitation Energies......Page 266
Defect Free Energies......Page 267
Prediction of Native Point Defect Densities in CdTe......Page 268
Future Challenges......Page 269
References......Page 270
Experimental identification of intrinsic point defects......Page 271
Introduction......Page 272
Characterization of Various Defect Levels in CdTe/CZT......Page 274
Acknowledgments......Page 294
References......Page 295
Introduction......Page 297
Donor native PDs......Page 298
Acceptor native PDs......Page 302
Antisite PDs......Page 303
References......Page 311
Preliminary Remarks......Page 313
Impurities in CdTe......Page 314
Dopants......Page 316
Segregation......Page 317
Tellurium antisite......Page 375
Electrical behaviour of dopants......Page 320
Copper (Cu)......Page 321
Silver (Ag)......Page 322
Gold (Au)......Page 323
Silver (Ag)......Page 325
Copper (Cu)......Page 326
Gold (Au)......Page 327
Copper (Cu)......Page 328
Summary of Group I elements......Page 329
Mercury (Hg)......Page 330
Indium (In)......Page 331
Lanthanum (Ln)......Page 332
Indium (In)......Page 334
Indium (In)......Page 335
Thallium (Tl)......Page 336
Indium (In)......Page 337
Summary of Group III elements......Page 341
Tin (Sn)......Page 342
Germanium (Ge)......Page 343
Germanium (Ge)......Page 344
Tin (Sn)......Page 346
Summary of Group IV elements......Page 347
Vanadium (V)......Page 348
Phophorus (P)......Page 349
Antimony (Sb)......Page 350
Summary of Group V dopants......Page 351
Selenium (Se)......Page 352
Chlorine (Cl)......Page 353
Bromine (Br)......Page 354
Point defect electrical behaviour (VII)......Page 355
Summary of Group VII elements......Page 356
Nickel (Ni)......Page 357
Iron (Fe)......Page 358
Summary of Group VIII elements......Page 359
References......Page 360
Introduction......Page 367
n-Type CdTe......Page 368
Cadmium vacancy......Page 373
Semi-Insulating State......Page 376
Deep levels and related models of semi-insulating (SI) state......Page 378
Application to detector-grade material......Page 382
Amphoteric Impurities......Page 387
Conclusion......Page 388
References......Page 389
A
......Page 393
B
......Page 394
C
......Page 395
E
......Page 397
F
......Page 398
G
......Page 399
H
......Page 400
I
......Page 401
K
......Page 402
L
......Page 404
M
......Page 405
O
......Page 407
P
......Page 408
R
......Page 409
S
......Page 410
T
......Page 413
W
......Page 414
Y
......Page 415
Z
......Page 416
D
......Page 417
I
......Page 418
P
......Page 419
T
......Page 420
Y
......Page 421
π SIMILAR VOLUMES
Almost thirty years after the remarkable monograph of K. Zanio and the numerous conferences and articles dedicated since that time to CdTe and CdZnTe, after all the significant progresses in that field and the increasing interest in these materials for several extremely attractive industrial applica
Almost thirty years after the remarkable monograph of K. Zanio and the numerous conferences and articles dedicated since that time to CdTe and CdZnTe, after all the significant progresses in that field and the increasing interest in these materials for several extremely attractive industrial applica
<p>Almost thirty years after the remarkable monograph of K. Zanio and the numerous conferences and articles dedicated since that time to CdTe and CdZnTe, after all the significant progresses in that field and the increasing interest in these materials for several extremely attractive industrial appl
<p>Almost thirty years after the remarkable monograph of K. Zanio and the numerous conferences and articles dedicated since that time to CdTe and CdZnTe, after all the significant progresses in that field and the increasing interest in these materials for several extremely attractive industrial appl