FOREWORD
POINTS OF CONTACT
National Urban Security Technology Laboratory
Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Atlantic
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2-1. CCTV System Design Worksheet
Table 2-2. Sample Site Survey Checklist
Table 3-1. Standard Lenses for Image Sensor Size
Table 3-2. Calculating the Horizontal and Vertical FOV
Table 3-3. CCTV Monitor Technology Comparisons
Table 3-4. Video Transmission Signal Display Types
Table 3-5. Rear-Projection Monitor Comparisons
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 3-1. CCTV Component Diagram Example
Figure 3-2. Color Reference Chart
Figure 3-3. Image from Thermal Camera
Figure 3-4. Representative CCTV Lens
Figure 3-5. Calculating FOV
Figure 3-6. Focus Chart Example
Figure 3-7. Distortion Comparison
Figure 3-8. Approximately 500 Lines of Horizontal Resolution
Figure 3-9. Sealed Camera Housing
Figure 3-10. Impact-Resistant Housing
Figure 3-11. Tamper-Resistant Housing
Figure 3-12. Bullet-Resistant Housing
Figure 3-13. Camera on Pan-Tilt Head with a Pole Mount
Figure 3-14. CRT Monitor
Figure 3-15. LED Tiles
Figure 3-16. Microprocessor-Based Switcher
Figure 3-17. Monitoring Station with Matrix Switcher
Figure 3-18. Multiplexers
Figure 3-19. Hard Drive Recorder for 19-inch Rack
Figure 4-1. Coaxial Cable Construction
Figure 4-2. Telephone Network Example
Figure 4-3. Types of Antennas for RF Transmission
Figure 4-4. Typical Microwave Installation
Figure 4-5. IP-Based CCTV System
Figure 5-1. Storage Area Network
Figure 5-2. Network Attached Storage
Figure 7-1. Integrated Security System
PREFACE
Purpose
Scope
1. INTRODUCTION
2. CCTV SYSTEM DESIGN
2.1 Defining System Requirements
2.1.1 Multidisciplinary System Design Team
2.1.2 Needs Assessment
2.1.3 CCTV Site Survey
2.1.4 System Layout Considerations
2.2 CCTV System Design Considerations
2.2.1 Lighting
2.2.2 Power Distribution
2.2.3 Video Transmission
2.2.4 Scalability
2.2.5 Cost
2.2.6 Infrastructure
2.2.7 Reliability and Maintainability
2.2.8 Annunciation, Assessment, and Response
2.2.9 Requirements and Design Worksheets
3. COMPONENTS OF CCTV SYSTEMS
3.1 Cameras
3.1.1 Fixed Cameras
3.1.2 PTZ Cameras
3.1.3 Connectivity Type
3.1.4 Day/Night Cameras
3.1.5 Low-Light or Night Vision Cameras
3.1.6 Thermal Imaging Cameras
3.1.7 Miniature or Covert Cameras
3.1.8 Optional Camera Features
3.1.9 Types of Image Sensors
3.1.9.1 Charge-Coupled Device Sensors
3.1.9.2 CMOS Sensors
3.2 Lenses
3.2.1 Types of Lenses
3.2.1.1 Fixed Focal Length Lenses
3.2.1.2 Varifocal Lenses
3.2.1.3 Zoom Lenses
3.2.1.4 Optical Versus Digital Zoom Ranges
3.2.2 Features of Lenses
3.2.2.1 Focal Length and Imager Format
3.2.2.2 Field of View
3.2.2.3 Iris and Aperture
3.2.2.4 Back Focus
3.2.2.5 Image Quality and CCTV Lenses
3.2.2.6 Resolution
3.2.2.7 Signal-to-Noise Ratio
3.2.2.8 Color Corrected and Monochrome Lenses
3.2.2.9 Lenses with Aspherical Elements
3.2.2.10 Filters
3.3 Housing and Mounts
3.3.1 Camera Housing
3.3.2 Housing Features
3.3.3 Indoor Camera Mounts
3.3.4 Outdoor Camera Mounts
3.4 Video Monitors
3.4.1 Pixels
3.4.2 Size
3.4.3 Monitors
3.4.4 Video Walls
3.5 Switchers and Multiplexers
3.5.1 Switchers
3.5.2 Multiplexers
3.5.3 Multiplexer Networks
3.6 Video Recorders
3.6.1 Digital Video Recorders
3.6.2 Data Compression Methods
3.6.3 Hard Drive Recorders
3.6.4 Other Recording Options
3.6.5 Portable Storage Devices
3.6.6 Video Motion Detection
4. TRANSMISSION
4.1 Wired Transmission
4.1.1 Coaxial Cable
4.1.2 UTP Wire
4.1.3 Fiber Optics
4.1.4 Telephone Network
4.1.5 Category 5 Cable
4.2 Wireless Transmission
4.2.1 Laser
4.2.2 Infrared
4.2.3 Radio Frequency
4.2.4 Microwave
4.3 IP Network Transmission
4.3.1 Internet Protocol Network System Overview
4.3.2 Benefits of IP-Based Systems
4.3.3 IP-Based System Components
4.3.4 Cyber Security
5. VIDEO STORAGE
5.1 Media Storage
5.2 Scalable Network Storage
5.2.1 Interface Protocols
5.2.2 Direct Attached Storage
5.2.3 Storage Area Network
5.2.4 Network Attached Storage
6. VIDEO ANALYTICS
7. SYSTEM INTEGRATION
7.1 Systems Approach
7.2 Integrating CCTV Components
7.3 Other Considerations
8. EMERGING TECHNOLOGY
8.1 Digital Technologies
8.2 Improvements to Existing Technology
8.3 Major IT Trends
9. VENDOR SELECTION CONSIDERATIONS
9.1 Selection Criteria
9.2 Vendor Resources
APPENDIX A. GLOSSARY