Cationic Gemini Surfactants Based on Tartaric Acid: Synthesis, Aggregation, Monolayer Behaviour, and Interaction with DNA
✍ Scribed by Petrus J. J. A. Buijnsters; Cristina L. García Rodríguez; Egon L. Willighagen; Nico A. J. M. Sommerdijk; Andreas Kremer; Patrick Camilleri; Martinus C. Feiters; Roeland J. M. Nolte; Binne Zwanenburg
- Publisher
- John Wiley and Sons
- Year
- 2002
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 571 KB
- Volume
- 2002
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 1434-193X
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✦ Synopsis
The synthesis of three novel cationic gemini surfactants (10, 12, and 14) based on tartaric acid appended with biocompatible palmitoyl tails and head groups is described, and their aggregation in water, monolayer behaviour, DNA binding, and gene transfection activities are reported. The monolayer studies showed that the molecular area of the surfactants is determined by the head group, as it increased going from the ethylenediamine head group of 10 via the lysine head group of 12 to the combined lysine/ethylenediamine head group of 14. Electron microscopy showed that the surfactants with the smaller head groups (10 and 12) form plate-like structures, probably stacked bilayers, in line with the shapestructure concept, whereas no structures are observed for the largest surfactant 14. A CD spectroscopic titration of λ-phage [a]