Front Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 2
Copyright......Page 3
Contents......Page 4
Preface......Page 16
About the Authors......Page 22
Acknowledgments......Page 24
SECTION I: THE PEOPLE IN CHILD CARE......Page 26
What Do Children Really Need from Caregivers?......Page 28
Characteristics of the Effective Caregiver/Teacher......Page 29
Education and Experience......Page 35
The Caregiverโs Role in Childrenโs Development......Page 36
Ethical Considerations......Page 38
Summary......Page 39
Development of Self......Page 44
Bullying......Page 46
Implications for Child Care Staff Members......Page 47
Peer Groups: โThe Society of Childrenโ......Page 49
Implications for Child Care Staff Members......Page 52
Five- to Seven-Year-Old Children......Page 53
Eight- to Ten-Year-Old Children......Page 55
Eleven- to Thirteen-Year-Old Children......Page 56
Summary......Page 58
The Changing Family......Page 62
Effect of Home Environment on Children......Page 64
Poverty......Page 69
Helping Children and Their Parents......Page 70
Summary......Page 74
SECTION II: HOW CHILDREN GROW AND DEVELOP......Page 80
Importance of Understanding Child Development......Page 82
Development and Learning......Page 83
Height and Weight......Page 84
Obesity......Page 85
Causes of Obesity......Page 86
Implications for Child Care Staff Members......Page 87
Health Conditions......Page 88
Motor Skills......Page 89
Differences in Motor Skills......Page 90
Summary......Page 91
Cognitive Theories......Page 96
Jean Piaget......Page 97
Evaluation of Piagetโs Theory......Page 99
Implications for Child Care Staff Members......Page 100
Behaviorist Learning Theory......Page 101
Implications for Child Care Staff Members......Page 103
Scaffolding......Page 104
Zone of Proximal Development......Page 105
Implications for Child Care Staff Members......Page 106
Implications for Child Care Staff Members......Page 107
Language......Page 108
Second Language Development......Page 110
Implications for Child Care Staff Members......Page 111
Summary......Page 112
Theories of Psychosocial Development......Page 118
Psychoanalytic Theory and Sigmund Freud......Page 119
Evaluation of Psychoanalytic Theory......Page 120
Psychosocial Theory and Erik Erikso......Page 121
Evaluation of Psychosocial Theory......Page 122
Implications for Child Care Staff Members......Page 123
Moral Development......Page 124
Lawrence Kohlberg......Page 125
Implications for Child Care Staff Members......Page 127
Summary......Page 128
Social Competence......Page 132
Strategies......Page 133
Activities......Page 134
Conflict Resolution......Page 135
Strategies......Page 137
Activities......Page 138
Self-Image......Page 141
Activities......Page 142
Cooperation......Page 145
Strategies......Page 146
Activities......Page 148
Changing Childrenโs Behavior......Page 150
Strategies......Page 152
Describe the Situation......Page 154
Behaviors That Create Problems for the Individual or the Group......Page 155
The Overly Aggressive Child......Page 156
The Quiet Child......Page 157
The Overly Active Child......Page 158
Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD)......Page 159
The Child with Special Needs......Page 160
The Child with Autism......Page 163
Summary......Page 164
SECTION III: THE BACKGROUND......Page 170
Developmentally Appropriate Practice......Page 172
Holistic versus Academic Approach......Page 176
Planning for Cultural and Linguistic Diversity......Page 178
Antibias Curriculum......Page 180
The Importance of Planning......Page 182
Integrated Curriculum......Page 183
What Should Be Included in a Child Care Program?......Page 184
Organizing the After-School Program......Page 187
Group Activities......Page 188
Field Trips......Page 189
Clubs......Page 190
Spontaneous Activities......Page 191
Community Involvement......Page 192
Making a Schedule......Page 193
Involve Children in Planning......Page 194
Field Trips......Page 195
Organize a Fund-Raising Event......Page 196
Summary......Page 197
How the Environment Enhances Development......Page 202
Developing the Plan......Page 203
Overall Design of Indoor Space......Page 204
What Should Be Included?......Page 206
When You Have to Share Indoor Space......Page 208
Overall Design of Outdoor Space......Page 210
Safety......Page 212
What Should Be Included?......Page 214
When You Have to Share Outdoor Space......Page 216
Summary......Page 217
SECTION IV: THE CURRICULUM......Page 222
How Games Can Enhance Development......Page 224
Games and Safety......Page 226
Activities......Page 227
Active Games That Can Be Played Indoors......Page 233
Activities......Page 234
Activities......Page 237
Guidelines for Having Fun with Games......Page 242
Computers......Page 243
Guidelines for Caregivers......Page 245
Summary......Page 246
Role of the Arts in Supporting Development......Page 250
Activities......Page 253
Music and Movement......Page 260
Activities......Page 261
Discussion......Page 263
Activities......Page 264
Discussion......Page 267
Summary......Page 268
Role of Science and Math in School-Age Child Care......Page 272
Children as Natural Scientists......Page 275
Children as Natural Mathematicians......Page 278
Math and Science Are Related......Page 279
The Process and Content of Science......Page 280
The Science and Math Environment......Page 281
Role of the Leader in the Science Activity......Page 282
Physical Science: How Can I Make It Move?......Page 286
Activities......Page 287
Chemistry: How Can I Make It Change?......Page 290
Activities......Page 291
Biological and Earth Science: How Do I Fit in and What Is My Role?......Page 292
Activities......Page 294
Activities......Page 299
Equipment to Have Available......Page 301
Math in School-Age Child Care......Page 302
Activities......Page 303
Activities......Page 305
Activities......Page 308
More Math Activities......Page 309
Guidelines for Child Care Staff Members......Page 310
Summary......Page 311
Role of Literacy in School-Age Child Care......Page 318
The Development of Literacy......Page 320
The Literacy Environment......Page 324
Role of the Caregiver in Literacy Activities......Page 326
Activities......Page 332
Guidelines for Child Care Staff Members......Page 341
Summary......Page 342
Importance of Preparing Children for the Future......Page 346
Activities......Page 348
Equipment to Have Available......Page 349
Equipment to Have Available......Page 351
Equipment to Have Available......Page 352
Equipment to Have Available......Page 354
Equipment to Have Available......Page 357
Equipment to Have Available......Page 359
Equipment to Have Available......Page 360
Guidelines for Child Care Staff Members......Page 361
Summary......Page 362
How Healthy Are Our Children?......Page 366
Activities......Page 368
Equipment to Have Available......Page 375
Getting Fit, Staying Fit......Page 376
Activities......Page 377
Equipment to Have Available......Page 380
Guidelines for Child Care Staff Members......Page 381
Summary......Page 382
SECTION V: RESOURCES AND REGULATIONS......Page 386
How Community Resources Can Support School-Age Programs......Page 388
Partnering with Seniors......Page 389
Activities for Seniors and Children......Page 390
Partnering with High School and College Students......Page 394
Partnering with Community Facilities and Businesses......Page 396
Partnering with Organizations and Agencies......Page 398
Guidelines for Using Volunteers......Page 399
Removing Barriers to Community Participation......Page 401
Summary......Page 402
Changes in the Goals for Child Care......Page 406
Child Care in the Twenty-First Century......Page 407
NAA Standards......Page 409
National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC)......Page 412
National Association for Family Child Care (NAFCC)......Page 413
Child Development Associate......Page 414
National Institute on Out-of-School Time (NIOST)......Page 415
School-Age Care Environmental Rating Scale (SACERS)......Page 417
Assessing Childrenโs Progress......Page 419
Observation......Page 420
Summary......Page 421
Appendix A: All About Me......Page 426
Appendix B: Internet Links for Information......Page 432
Appendix C: Art Lesson Plans......Page 434
Glossary......Page 450
Index......Page 456