Content: List of Contributors ix Foreword xi List of Abbreviations xv Introduction:Why Animals have a Circulatory System 1H. Edward Durham, Jr. Section I Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology 5 Cardiac Anatomy 7H. Edward Durham, Jr. Basic Cardiac Physiology 23June A. Boon and H. Edward Durham, Jr. Section II Diagnostics 43 History and Physical Examination 45H. Edward Durham, Jr. Electrocardiography 63Shari Hemsley Thoracic Radiography 111Deborah M. Fine Echocardiography and Doppler Study 133Michelle St John and H. Edward Durham, Jr. Blood Pressure Measurement and Systemic Hypertension 179H. Edward Durham, Jr. Angiography 199Barbara P. Brewer Cardiac Biomarkers 225Kristin Hohnadel Section III Cardiac Diseases 231 Congenital Heart Diseases 233H. Edward Durham, Jr. Acquired Heart Diseases 277Stacey Leach Pericardial Effusion and Cardiac Neoplasia 301Anne Myers Section IV Therapies and Interventions 315 Pathophysiology of Heart Failure 317June A. Boon and H. Edward Durham, Jr. Drugs for Cardiac Therapy 329Kathryn J. Atkinson Treatment of Cardiac Disease 351Robert J. Schutrumpf III Interventional Therapies 367Anna McManamey, AnneMyers, and H. Edward Durham, Jr. Section V Large Animal Cardiology 405 Equine Cardiology 407H. Edward Durham, Jr. Ruminant and Camelid Cardiology 443Mark W. Harmon Appendix 459 Index 467