Cardiac output monitoring devices: an an
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Jahan Porhomayon; Ali El-Solh; Peter Papadakos; Nader Djalal Nader
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Article
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2011
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Springer Milan
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English
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To evaluate cardiac output (CO), both invasive and semi-invasive monitors are used in critical care medicine. The pulmonary artery catheter is an invasive tool to assess CO with the major criticism that the level of its invasiveness is not supported by an improvement in patients' outcomes. The inter