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sides of a street whenever a vehicle passes ? Yet the injury is not limited to the vehicle, the edifice, nor the road covering, all of which are badly shaken up, but extends in a greater degree to tile animal life affected by it: the horse, and the individuals in the house or conveyance. It is a constant strain upon the nervous system of women, invalids and children whose sleep is disturbed and restless. The racket is especially noticeable by visitors from rural districts, who are unaccustomed to such a continual jarring. This enormous waste of energy can and should be avoided by recourse to proper engineering expedients, and no one will deny that a uniformly smooth, even and continuous surface, such as that furnished by a good cement pavement, with only joints enough to permit of expansion, would fulfil in the most perfect manner all the requirements for the horse, carriage, passenger and resident, could be kept perfectly clean, and when once laid would require the minimun amount of expense for repairs and police.
Before closing there is another point which is worthy the consideration of the enterprising and progressive citizen, and that is the large amount of space wasted by front steps. In many streets at least half the footwalks are interrupted by such projections, forming useless dead spaces between them which serve to colh.ct the snows of winter, to be piled up in the street, forming impassable obstructions for a considerable length of time. The steps themselves, exposed as they are, becom,e dangerous from ice, and are not an architectural necessity nor ornament. Every consideration of humanity would suggest their being withdrawn, and, when necessary, occupying the place of the vestibule, leaving :m open recess or niche in the place of the outer do,r. Thus the visitor or resident would be sheltered from sun, Win,t, r:~in or snow whilst w~dting the answer to his suture(ms; the steps w,:uld not be dangerous by being coated with sleet ; the suggestion of h,~spitality would be extended by the apparently open door, which ~ff,,ct would be heightened by an outside lamp at night, and the full hrea3th of the sidewalk left available for a promenade, wiLh rows of tre~,s, if desired. The plan is not a new one, but is in use in many cities of this country and the continent.
Carbon for Electric Light.--M. Th. du M,meel forms a c(,mpressed mass of carbon and magnesia, which is very hard and burns without ash, giving a light which is steadier and 34 per cent. more intense than that of gas carbon.--.Ex.
C.
π SIMILAR VOLUMES
was steamed up and run for the first time January 3, 1886, the driving wheels being prevented from touching the track. The following day, the locomotive was run upon the track. On Friday, April 16, 1886, the first train, consisting of engine, tender and passenger car, the latter over fifty feet in
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