Can we trust depression screening instruments in healthy ‘old-old’ adults?

✍ Scribed by Lea C. Watson; Carmen L. Lewis; Christine E. Kistler; Halle R. Amick; Malaz Boustani

• Book ID: 102224371
• Publisher: John Wiley and Sons
• Year: 2004
• Tongue: English
• Weight: 83 KB
• Volume: 19
• Category: Article
• ISSN: 0885-6230
• DOI: 10.1002/gps.1082

✦ Synopsis

Abstract

Objective

Despite a growing understanding of late‐life depression, few studies focus on the old‐old, those 75 years and over. We wished to characterize depressive symptoms and determine the accuracy of two common screening instruments for major and minor depression in a population of old‐old retirees.

Methods

Participants lived independently in one of two Continuing Care Retirement Communities and volunteered for an in‐home interview about cancer screening attitudes. As part of this baseline interview, they were screened with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies‐Depression (CES‐D) scale. Those agreeing to a second interview received an evaluation using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV (SCID‐IV), performed by a geriatric psychiatrist within two weeks of the initial interview.

Results

In an educated and cognitively intact group of retirees averaging 80 years of age, the GDS and CES‐D performed poorly using standard cutpoints in detecting both major (sensitivity 60% for both) and minor (sensitivity 33% and 50%, respectively) depression. One in five participants had significant depression as confirmed by SCID‐IV evaluation. Twelve percent had major depression and 7% had minor depression. Most participants had their first episode of either after age 60.

Conclusions

Contrary to most studies evaluating the GDS and CES‐D for accuracy in detecting late‐life depression, these instruments at standard cutpoints performed poorly in this group of healthy older adults. The healthy old‐old may require novel screening interventions to detect clinically significant depression. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.