The belated introduction of "continental" analysis to Britain was led by the Scottish mathematicians James Ivory and William Wallace in the early part of the 19th century, some years before its adoption at Cambridge University. William Wallace succeeded John Leslie as professor of mathematics at Edi
Calculus and Analysis in Early 19th-Century Britain: The Work of William Wallace
✍ Scribed by Alex D.D. Craik
- Publisher
- Elsevier Science
- Year
- 1999
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 288 KB
- Volume
- 26
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0315-0860
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
✦ Synopsis
Scottish-born William Wallace (1768-1843) was an early exponent of the differential calculus in Britain and translator of French mathematical works. Encyclopaedias published during the early 19th century provided a valuable educational resource, to which Wallace and his colleague, James Ivory, contributed. Wallace's encyclopaedia articles on "Fluxions" and his other analytical writings are examined here, as are his relations with James Ivory, John Herschel, and others. Wallace's long 1815 article on "Fluxions" in the Edinburgh Encyclopaedia was the first complete account of calculus, using differential notation, to be published in English. There, he attempted an original and rigorous "doctrine of limits," which deserved more attention than it received. In 1832, while professor of mathematics in Edinburgh, he applied analysis to support the reform of taxation proposed in the Reform Bill. It is suggested that the later neglect of Wallace's achievements is attributable to a mix of personal, institutional, political, and national rivalries. C 1999 Academic Press William Wallace né en Écosse (1768-1843) fut un interprète précoce du calcul différentiel en Grande Bretagne et traduisit des ouvrages mathématiques de langue française. Les encyclopédies publiées au début du XIXe siècle fournirent une précieuse ressource pédagogique à laquelle contribuèrent Wallace et son collègue James Ivory. Les articles encyclopédiques de Wallace sur les "Fluxions" et d'autres écrits analytiques font l'objet du présent article; et aussi ses relations avec James Ivory, John Herschel et d'autres mathématiciens. Le long article de Wallace sur les "Fluxions" paru dans l'Edinburgh Encyclopaedia de 1815 fut le premier exposé complet du calcul, utilisant la notation différentielle, à être publié en anglais. Dans cet article, il mit en oeuvre une "doctrine des limites" originale et rigoureuse, qui méritait plus d'attention qu'elle ne reçut. En 1832, alors qu'il était professeur de mathématiques à Edimbourg, il utilisa l'analyse pour soutenir la réforme fiscale proposée dans le Projet de loi de Réforme. Cet article suggère que l'oubli postérieur de l'oeuvre accomplie par Wallace doit être attribué à un mélange de rivalités personnelles, institutionnelles, politiques et nationales.
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