✦ LIBER ✦

Butterfly wings: the evolution of development of colour patterns

✍ Scribed by Paul M. Brakefield; Vernon French

Publisher: John Wiley and Sons
Year: 1999
Tongue: English
Weight: 380 KB
Volume: 21
Category: Article
ISSN: 0265-9247
DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-1878(199905)21:5<391::aid-bies6>3.0.co;2-q

No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.

✦ Synopsis

The diversity in colour patterns on butterfly wings provides great potential for understanding how developmental mechanisms may be modulated in the evolution of adaptive traits. In particular, we discuss concentric eyespot patterns, which have been shown by surgical experiments to be formed in response to signals from a central focus. Seasonal polyphenism shows how alternate phenotypes can develop through environmental sensitivity mediated by ecdysteroid hormones, whereas artificial selection and single gene mutants demonstrate genetic variation influencing the number, shape, size, position, and colour composition of the eyespots. The expression patterns of the regulatory gene Distal-less reveal that these changes can arise at several different developmental stages, and the phenotypes indicate that some forms of changed pattern may occur much more readily than others. Further study of the genes, of the developmental mechanisms, and of the functions of the patterns will provide novel insights about the evolution of morphological diversity.

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