Cover......Page 1
Title......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 8
Introduction......Page 16
Acknowledgements......Page 22
PART A: Business ethics matters: what is it and why does it matter?......Page 24
Chapter 1 Perspectives on business ethics and values......Page 26
Stories and business ethics......Page 27
Case study 1.1: The News of the World story......Page 30
The business case for business ethics......Page 34
Stakeholder theory......Page 41
Business and organisational ethics......Page 43
Case study 1.2: Biography and philosophy......Page 49
Boundaries of jurisdiction or spheres of justice......Page 54
Defining the boundaries of the economic sphere......Page 57
Reflections......Page 60
Typical assignments......Page 61
Group activity 1.1......Page 62
Useful websites......Page 63
Chapter 2 Ethical issues in business......Page 64
Learning outcomes......Page 65
Part one: The map of business ethics issues......Page 66
Part two: Encouraging goodness......Page 74
Case study 2.1: The Nationwide Foundation......Page 75
Case study 2.2: British Sugar and Sunday trucking......Page 76
Case study 2.3: Farepak......Page 77
Case study 2.4: AIDS drugs and patent rights in South Africa......Page 79
Case study 2.5: Child labour in developing countries......Page 81
Case study 2.6: David Shayler and whistleblowing on MI5......Page 82
Part three: Creating a level playing field, benignness......Page 83
Case study 2.7: Paying for staff's professional training......Page 85
Case study 2.8: Executive fat cats and banker's bonuses......Page 86
Case study 2.9: The oil companies and the 2000 fuel crisis......Page 88
Case study 2.10: Providing new drugs on the NHS to people with multiple sclerosis......Page 90
Case study 2.11: Discriminating against employees โ the Metropolitan Police Service......Page 91
Case study 2.12: The British railway system: priorities, profits and governance......Page 93
Part four: Preventing indifference to others......Page 95
Case study 2.13: The case of Shell's missing oil barrels......Page 98
Case study 2.15: Lord Browne of Madingley......Page 101
Case study 2.16: Economy with the truth when dealing with the tax authorities......Page 103
Case study 2.17: Fraudulent businesses โ Parmalat, Satyam & Madoff......Page 104
Case study 2.18: Lord Black and Hollinger International......Page 106
Case study 2.19: BAT and allegations of cigarette smuggling......Page 108
Part five: Discouraging badness......Page 110
Case study 2.21: British Airways and Virgin Atlantic......Page 111
Case study 2.22: The hospital consultants......Page 113
Case study 2.23: Supermarkets' treatment of their supply chains......Page 114
Case study 2.24: The Super Size Me sales promotion......Page 116
Case study 2.25: Sexual harassment......Page 117
Case study 2.26: The Firestone Tire recall issue......Page 118
Case study 2.27: Huntingdon Life Sciences......Page 119
Summary......Page 121
Recommended further reading......Page 122
Useful websites......Page 123
Chapter 3 Ethical theories and how to use them......Page 124
A map of ethical theories......Page 125
Applying ethical theories......Page 161
Summary......Page 167
Recommended further reading......Page 168
Useful websites......Page 169
PART B: Individuals' responses to ethical issues......Page 170
Chapter 4 Personal values and heuristics......Page 172
Introduction......Page 173
Perceptions of values......Page 176
Case study 4.1: Chris's managerial development: a fable......Page 185
Values and ethical thinking......Page 188
Heuristic thinking......Page 189
Decision-making heuristics......Page 190
Values as heuristics in ethical reasoning......Page 194
Value heuristics and priority setting......Page 196
Integrity and loyalty as value heuristics......Page 202
Discussion of the Dilemma simulation in Activity 4.4......Page 208
Reflections......Page 209
Summary......Page 210
Typical assignments......Page 211
Group activity 4.1......Page 212
Recommended further reading......Page 213
Useful websites......Page 214
Chapter 5 Individual responses to ethical situations......Page 215
Categories of response to ethical issues......Page 216
Competing stances: the possibility of cognitive dissonance......Page 221
Case study 5.1: Disabled access......Page 228
Case study 5.2: Particularized and categorisation......Page 237
Influences on choice of stance......Page 238
Reflections......Page 243
Summary......Page 244
Group activity 5.1......Page 245
Useful websites......Page 247
Chapter 6 Whistleblower or witness?......Page 248
Introduction......Page 249
When is a whistleblowing act performed?......Page 251
Case study 6.1: Paying a heavy price......Page 252
Case study 6.3: Dickensian practices, but in modern times......Page 254
Case study 6.4: What is a life worth?......Page 255
When might whistleblowing be justified?......Page 256
Case study 6.5: Victimisation and its consequences......Page 258
Whistleblowing: a positive or negative force within society?......Page 261
Case study 6.6: The engineering company and its overseas markets......Page 263
Case study 6.7: A postscript to Case study 6.6......Page 264
Suppressed whistleblowing......Page 265
Case study 6.8: The charity......Page 266
Case study 6.9: The costs of whistleblowing......Page 269
Case study 6.10: The hospital case......Page 270
The Public Interest Disclosure Act (1998) (PIDA)......Page 273
Summary......Page 277
Group activity 6.1......Page 278
Useful websites......Page 279
PART C: Organisational responses to ethical issues......Page 280
Chapter 7 Corporate governance, an organisation's external accountability......Page 282
Introduction......Page 283
The arguments for taking corporate governance seriously......Page 284
Developments in corporate governance......Page 290
Case study 7.1: Women on boards of directors......Page 293
What have the developments in corporate governance achieved?......Page 295
International best practice standards......Page 298
Shareholder activism......Page 302
Case study 7.3: A judge, as citizen takes action......Page 304
Governance and bribery and corruption......Page 305
Corporate manslaughter......Page 309
Case study 7.4: The Herald of Free Enterprise......Page 311
Reflections......Page 318
Typical assignments......Page 319
Recommended further reading......Page 320
Useful websites......Page 321
Chapter 8 Compliance and integrity: an organisation's internal accountability......Page 322
Introduction......Page 323
An overview of the pressures upon organisations for ethical development......Page 324
Codes of conduct and codes of ethics......Page 327
Factors that will affect the impact of a code......Page 330
Writing a code of ethics......Page 332
Arguments against the employment of codes of conduct and ethics......Page 336
The difficulties of writing codes of conduct โ the ethics of e-communication......Page 339
Ethical culture and ethos......Page 345
Reflections......Page 351
Summary......Page 352
Recommended further reading......Page 353
Useful websites......Page 354
Chapter 9 Corporate Social Responsibility......Page 355
Introduction......Page 356
The emergence of corporate social responsibility (CSR)......Page 357
Corporate citizenship, political donations and lobbying......Page 359
Corporate social responsibility......Page 364
Case study 9.1: The tobacco industry......Page 369
Case study 9.3: Markets, prices and need......Page 370
Case study 9.4: An economically successful corporation with a view of its social position......Page 375
Case study 9.5: The U'wa and Oil Exploration......Page 380
Contemporary issues in CSR......Page 381
The future of CSR......Page 392
Summary......Page 394
Recommended further reading......Page 395
Useful websites......Page 396
Learning outcomes......Page 397
Introduction......Page 398
Case study 10.1: Herbal remedy from the Amazon rain forest......Page 399
Sustainability discourses and drivers......Page 400
Carbon market mechanisms......Page 416
Sustainable development (SD)......Page 422
The instrumental use of nature......Page 425
The future of sustainability......Page 428
Summary......Page 429
Group activity 10.1......Page 430
Recommended further reading......Page 431
Useful websites......Page 432
PART D: The international context......Page 434
Chapter 11 Global and local values โ and international business......Page 436
Introduction......Page 437
Business and managerial values in different countries and societies......Page 440
The normative debate about ethical universalism and relativism in the business context......Page 451
When different sets of organisational and managerial values meet......Page 462
Case study 11.1: The college principal's new car......Page 471
Case study 11.2: Testing Maori employees for drugs in a New Zealand company......Page 472
Reflections......Page 473
Typical assignments......Page 474
Useful websites......Page 475
Chapter 12 Globalisation and international business......Page 477
Introduction......Page 478
Case study 12.1: Anita Roddick's views on globalisation......Page 482
Developing institutions or taking advantage?......Page 487
Case study 12.2: The Bhopal disaster......Page 488
Case study 12.3: Indonesia......Page 492
Case study 12.4: The oil industry and the Niger Delta......Page 494
Case study 12.5: The BakuโTblisiโCeyhan (BTC) oil pipeline......Page 496
Staying put or getting out?......Page 498
Case study 12.6: Businesses and South Africa in the apartheid era......Page 499
Cultural diversity or cultural homogenisation?......Page 500
Case study 12.7: McDonald's fries......Page 503
Global governance......Page 506
Case study 12.8: The International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes......Page 507
Case study 12.9: Breastmilk substitutes in Malawi......Page 508
Summary......Page 516
Group activity 12.1......Page 517
Recommended further reading......Page 518
Useful websites......Page 519
Chapter 13 Moral agency at work and a modest proposal for affecting ethics in business......Page 520
Challenges to moral agency in modern organisations......Page 521
The corporation and democratic ideals......Page 523
Sustainability......Page 526
Business sustainability......Page 528
Case study 13.1: Malawi and the consequences of deregulating and privatising the grain market......Page 530
A modest proposal for affecting ethics in business......Page 532
The processes of moral agency......Page 534
Thinking through the issues and deciding on the best action......Page 536
Typical assignments......Page 546
Useful websites......Page 547
Integrative case study 1: Binge drinking and corporate social responsibility......Page 548
Integrative case study 2: Accountability issues of the Glencore IPO......Page 562
Filmography......Page 572
References......Page 586
A......Page 626
B......Page 627
C......Page 629
D......Page 633
E......Page 634
F......Page 635
G......Page 636
H......Page 638
I......Page 639
K......Page 640
M......Page 641
N......Page 643
O......Page 644
P......Page 645
Q......Page 646
R......Page 647
S......Page 648
T......Page 650
V......Page 651
W......Page 652
Z......Page 653