Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
Preface
About the Author
Chapter 1: Review, Power Systems, Energy, and Economics
1.1. Introduction to Modern Power Systems
1.1.1. Power System Structure
1.1.2. Industrial Power Distribution and Energy Systems
1.1.2.1. Single-Line Diagrams
1.2. Energy Conversion, Heat Transfer, Thermodynamics, and Fluid Mechanics Essentials
1.2.1. Energy Conversion and Losses
1.2.2. Thermodynamics Essentials
1.2.3. Essentials of Fluid Mechanics
1.2.4. SI Units and Dimensional Analysis
1.3. Sustainable Energy and Energy Economics
1.3.1. Energy Economics and Cost Analysis
1.3.2. Basic Concepts, Definitions, and Approaches
1.3.3. Critical Parameters and Indicators
1.3.4. Natural Resource Evaluation and Methods for Payback Period Estimates
1.4. Chapter Summary
1.5. Questions and Problems
References and Further Readings
Chapter 2: Review of Electric Circuits and Power System Basics
2.1. Introduction to Electric Circuit Review
2.1.1. Linearity and Superposition
2.1.2. DC vs. AC Circuits
2.2. Resistive, Inductive, and Capacitive Circuit Elements
2.3. Phasor Representation
2.4. Three-Phase Circuits
2.4.1. Balanced Loads
2.4.2. Mixed Connection Circuits, Wye-Delta Transformation
2.4.3. Power Relationships in Three-Phase Circuits
2.5. Per-Unit System
2.6. Chapter Summary
2.7. Questions and Problems
References and Further Readings
Chapter 3: Building Power Supply and Industrial Power Distribution
3.1. Power System Structure and Components
3.2. Power Distribution Networks and Configurations
3.2.1. Power Distribution Configurations
3.2.2. Voltage and Frequency Characteristics
3.2.3. Building Power Supply and Electricity Distribution
3.2.4. Definitions, Loads, and End-User Parameters
3.2.5. Feeder Voltage Drops, Electric Distribution Losses, and Power Factor Control
3.3. Building Power Distribution and Electrical Systems
3.3.1. Branch Circuits and Feeders
3.3.2. Power Distribution in Small Buildings
3.3.3. Power Distribution in Large Buildings
3.3.4. Emergency Generators and Uninterruptible Power Supply Systems
3.4. Industrial Power Distribution
3.4.1. Panelboard and Switchboard Calculations and Ratings
3.4.2. Switchgears, Load, and Motor Centers
3.4.3. Load Center, Switchgear, and Motor Control Center Ratings
3.5. Chapter Summary
3.6. Questions and Problems
References and Further Readings
Chapter 4: Electrical System Design, Load Calculation, and Wiring
4.1. Building Energy Analysis and Electrical Design Procedures
4.1.1. Electrical Design Procedure and Building Energy Analysis
4.1.2. Branch Circuits and Feeders
4.2. Load Estimates and Calculations
4.2.1. Convenience Power, Connected, and Demand Loads
4.2.2. Lighting Load Estimate Methods
4.2.3. Dedicated and General-Purpose Receptacle Load Estimates
4.2.4. Equipment, Auxiliary, Industrial, and Motor Load Calculations
4.2.5. Heating, Cooling, Electric Cooking, and Laundry Equipment
4.2.6. Load and Correction Factors Estimate Applications
4.3. Conductors and Cables
4.3.1. Conductor Types and Sizes
4.3.2. Cable Impedance Calculations
4.3.3. Cable Insulation and Conductor Ampacity
4.3.4. Cable Correction Factors
4.3.5. Voltage Drop Calculation
4.3.6. Cable Construction
4.4. Wiring Devices
4.4.1. Switches
4.4.2. Receptacles
4.4.3. Disconnect Switches
4.5. Summary of the Load Computation Procedure and Cable Sizing
4.6. Chapter Summary
4.7. Questions and Problems
References and Further Readings
Chapter 5: Circuit Protection, Grounding, and Service
5.1. Introduction
5.2. System, Circuit, Equipment, and Device Protection
5.2.1. Fault Types and Currents: Terminology and Definitions
5.2.2. Fuses
5.2.3. Circuit Breakers
5.2.4. Protection Relays
5.2.5. Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter
5.3. Protection Schemes and Selecting Protection Devices
5.3.1. Overcurrent, Directional, and Distance Protection
5.4. Equipment Grounding
5.4.1. Lightning and Switching Protection
5.5. Raceways and Conduits
5.6. Safety and Electricity Hazards
5.7. Chapter Summary
5.8. Questions and Problems
References and Further Readings
Chapter 6: Lighting Fundamentals, Lighting Equipment, and Systems
6.1. Introduction and Historical Notes
6.2. Lighting in Engineering, Architecture, and Industrial Processes
6.3. Lighting Theory and Illumination Calculation Methods
6.3.1. Basic Parameters Used in Lighting Physics
6.3.2. The Visible Spectrum and Color
6.3.3. Color Specifications and Characteristics
6.3.4. Light Control and Basic Concepts in Optics
6.4. Lighting Equipment and Systems
6.4.1. Light Sources and Systems
6.4.1.1. Incandescent Lamps
6.4.1.2. Halogen Lamps
6.4.1.3. Light-Emitting Diode
6.4.1.4. Discharge Lamps
6.4.1.5. High-Intensity Discharge (HID)
6.4.1.6. High-Pressure Sodium (HPS)
6.4.1.7. Metal Halide
6.4.1.8. Low-Pressure Sodium
6.4.1.9. Fluorescent Lamps
6.4.2. Lamp Efficiencies, Control, and Electrical Requirements
6.4.3. Common Lamp Luminances and Luminaires
6.5. Indoor and Outdoor Lighting Design
6.5.1. Factors Affecting the Selection of Light Sources and Equipment
6.5.2. Lighting Design Project Structure and Criteria
6.5.3. Indoor Lighting Design Methods
6.5.4. Luminaire Types, Selection, Design, and Operation
6.5.5. Outdoor Lighting Design
6.6. Chapter Summary
6.7. Questions and Problems
References and Further Readings
Chapter 7: Transformers and Electrical Motors
7.1. Transformers and Electromechanical Energy Conversion
7.1.1. Transformers in Electrical Systems
7.1.2. Electromechanical Energy Conversion Systems
7.2. Transformer Theory, Construction, and Design
7.2.1. Polarity of Transformer Windings
7.2.2. Practical (Non-ideal) Transformers
7.2.3. Transformer Voltage Regulation
7.2.4. Multiwinding Transformer
7.2.5. Transformer Ratings, Categories, Types, and Tap Changers
7.2.6. Transformer Connections
7.2.7. Transformer Efficiency
7.3. AC Electric Motors
7.3.1. Electric Motor Fundamentals
7.3.2. Synchronous Motors
7.3.3. Polyphase Induction Motors
7.4. DC Electric Machines
7.5. Chapter Summary
7.6. Questions and Problems
References and Further Readings
Chapter 8: Building Energy Systems, Heat, and Air-Conditioning
8.1. Introduction and Theoretical Background Review
8.1.1. Thermal Engineering Basics
8.1.2. Heat Transfer
8.1.3. Heat Pumps and Cooling Systems
8.2. Building Energy Systems
8.2.1. Building Thermal Balance, Cooling, and Thermal Load Calculations
8.3. Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning Systems
8.3.1. Types of Air-Conditioning Systems
8.4. Industrial Heating Process Methods
8.5. Chapter Summary
8.6. Questions and Problems
References and Further Readings
Chapter 9: Distributed Generation and Energy Storage
9.1. Introduction to Distributed Generation
9.1.1. DG and DER Reasons, Benefits, and Technologies
9.1.2. Energy Conservation and Efficiency in Buildings
9.2. Cogeneration and Micro-Combined Heat and Power
9.3. Energy Storage Systems
9.3.1. Energy Storage Functions and Applications
9.3.2. Types of Energy Storage Systems
9.3.2.1. Compressed-Air Energy Storage
9.3.2.2. Electrochemical Energy Storage
9.3.3. Battery Operation Principles and Battery Types
9.3.3.1. Battery Fundamentals, Parameters, and Electric Circuit Models
9.3.3.2. Summary of Battery Parameters
9.3.3.3. Flow Batteries and Special Battery Types
9.3.4. Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Energy
9.3.4.1. Fuel Cell Principles and Operation
9.3.4.2. Fuel Cell Types and Applications
9.3.4.3. Flywheel Energy Storage
9.4. Thermal Energy Storage
9.5. Embedding Micro-Cogeneration into the Building Energy System
9.6. Chapter Summary
9.7. Questions and Problems
References and Further Readings
Chapter 10: Building-Integrated Renewable Energy and Microgrids
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Building-Integrated Renewable Energy Systems
10.2.1. Building-Integrated Photovoltaic and Solar Thermal Systems
10.2.2. Residential and Rooftop Wind Turbines
10.2.3. Building Geothermal Energy Systems
10.2.3.1. District Heating
10.2.3.2. Geothermal Heat Pumps
10.3. Building Microgrids
10.3.1. Microgrid Concepts and Architecture
10.3.2. Microgrid Features and Benefits
10.3.3. Microgrids vs. Virtual Power Plants
10.3.4. Microgrid Structure and Operation
10.4. DC Microgrids and Nanogrids
10.4.1. Control of Low-Voltage DC Microgrids
10.4.2. DC Microgrid Protection
10.5. Chapter Summary
10.6. Questions and Problems
References and Further Readings
Chapter 11: Building Automation, Control, Communication, and Monitoring
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Building Automation, Control, and Management
11.2.1. Control Types for Building Equipment and Installations
11.2.2. Lighting Control
11.2.2.1. Lighting Control Components and Effectiveness
11.2.3. HVAC Control Methods
11.2.4. HVAC Control Infrastructure
11.2.5. HVAC Control Strategies and Types
11.3. Monitoring, Safety, and Security Systems
11.3.1. Fire Protection, Safety, and Smoke Management
11.3.2. Building Access Control
11.4. Building Acoustic and Noise Control
11.5. Selection of Lighting and HVAC Systems
11.6. Chapter Summary
11.7. Questions and Problems
References and Further Readings
Chapter 12: Energy Management, Energy Conservation, and Efficiency
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Building Energy Conservation and Efficiency
12.2.1. Building Applications of Thermal Energy Storage Systems
12.2.2. Energy Conservation, Savings, and Balances
12.3. Building Energy Management
12.3.1. Identification of Energy Usage Factors and Parameters
12.3.2. Energy Audit
12.3.3. Types and Structure of Energy Audits
12.3.4. Structure of Electricity and Fuel Rates
12.3.5. Detailed Energy Audit Structure and Phases
12.3.6. Energy Conservation Measures
12.4. Economic Methods
12.4.1. Energy Cost Calculations without Capital Return
12.5. Methods for Energy Analysis
12.6. Standardizations and Summary of Important Standards
12.7. Chapter Summary
12.8. Questions and Problems
References and Further Readings
Appendix A: Common Parameters, Units, and Conversion Factors
Appendix B: Design Parameters, Values, and Data
Index